Serum chemistry reference values in free‐ranging North Atlantic male walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Svalbard archipelago
Background: Information regarding health and disease is limited for walruses, a keystone species in arctic marine ecosystems. Serum chemistry analysis is a useful clinical tool for the health assessment of walruses, but only a few captive Pacific walruses have been evaluated. Objectives: The aim of...
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crwiley:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00154.x 2023-12-03T10:17:50+01:00 Serum chemistry reference values in free‐ranging North Atlantic male walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Svalbard archipelago Tryland, Morten Lydersen, Christian Kovacs, Kit M. Thoresen, Stein Istre 2009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00154.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1939-165X.2009.00154.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2009.00154.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Veterinary Clinical Pathology volume 38, issue 4, page 501-506 ISSN 0275-6382 1939-165X General Veterinary journal-article 2009 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00154.x 2023-11-09T13:46:28Z Background: Information regarding health and disease is limited for walruses, a keystone species in arctic marine ecosystems. Serum chemistry analysis is a useful clinical tool for the health assessment of walruses, but only a few captive Pacific walruses have been evaluated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine serum chemistry reference values for free‐ranging male Atlantic walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus ) on Svalbard and to assess potential differences in animals with low and high tissue levels of organic pollutants. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 17 wild, adult, male Atlantic walruses chemically immobilized with etorphine at eastern Svalbard (Norway). Serum was obtained for routine biochemical analysis as well as nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFA) and cortisol tests. Serum protein concentration was also measured by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: Reference values (ranges) included alanine aminotransferase (12–51 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (54–137 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (42–243 U/L), creatine kinase (32–506 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (480–1322 U/L), amylase (0–23 U/L), lipase (68–298 U/L), total protein (68–91 g/L), albumin (25.3–34.8 g/L), creatinine (84–137 μmol/L), urea (8.2–19.9 mmol/L), bilirubin (0–4 μmol/L), cholesterol (4.4–7.3 mmol/L), NEFA (0.1–0.4 mmol/L), triglycerides (0.6–2.2 mmol/L), calcium (2.0–2.7 mmol/L), phosphorus (1.7–2.8 mmol/L), sodium (147–162 mmol/L), potassium (4.7–7.4 mmol/L), chloride (102–115 mmol/L), and cortisol (<28–214 nmol/L). Walruses exposed to high levels of organic pollutants ( n =6) had significantly lower ( P =.022) phosphorus concentration than those with low levels of pollutants ( n =6). Conclusions: The clinical chemistry reference values determined in this study can serve as baseline data for future health‐related studies of walruses in a changing Arctic and may also be helpful for health evaluations of walruses in captivity. Impacts of the exposure of marine mammals to organic pollutants should be further ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic North Atlantic Odobenus rosmarus Svalbard walrus* Wiley Online Library (via Crossref) Arctic Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago Pacific Norway Veterinary Clinical Pathology 38 4 501 506 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library (via Crossref) |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
topic |
General Veterinary |
spellingShingle |
General Veterinary Tryland, Morten Lydersen, Christian Kovacs, Kit M. Thoresen, Stein Istre Serum chemistry reference values in free‐ranging North Atlantic male walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Svalbard archipelago |
topic_facet |
General Veterinary |
description |
Background: Information regarding health and disease is limited for walruses, a keystone species in arctic marine ecosystems. Serum chemistry analysis is a useful clinical tool for the health assessment of walruses, but only a few captive Pacific walruses have been evaluated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine serum chemistry reference values for free‐ranging male Atlantic walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus ) on Svalbard and to assess potential differences in animals with low and high tissue levels of organic pollutants. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 17 wild, adult, male Atlantic walruses chemically immobilized with etorphine at eastern Svalbard (Norway). Serum was obtained for routine biochemical analysis as well as nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFA) and cortisol tests. Serum protein concentration was also measured by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: Reference values (ranges) included alanine aminotransferase (12–51 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (54–137 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (42–243 U/L), creatine kinase (32–506 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (480–1322 U/L), amylase (0–23 U/L), lipase (68–298 U/L), total protein (68–91 g/L), albumin (25.3–34.8 g/L), creatinine (84–137 μmol/L), urea (8.2–19.9 mmol/L), bilirubin (0–4 μmol/L), cholesterol (4.4–7.3 mmol/L), NEFA (0.1–0.4 mmol/L), triglycerides (0.6–2.2 mmol/L), calcium (2.0–2.7 mmol/L), phosphorus (1.7–2.8 mmol/L), sodium (147–162 mmol/L), potassium (4.7–7.4 mmol/L), chloride (102–115 mmol/L), and cortisol (<28–214 nmol/L). Walruses exposed to high levels of organic pollutants ( n =6) had significantly lower ( P =.022) phosphorus concentration than those with low levels of pollutants ( n =6). Conclusions: The clinical chemistry reference values determined in this study can serve as baseline data for future health‐related studies of walruses in a changing Arctic and may also be helpful for health evaluations of walruses in captivity. Impacts of the exposure of marine mammals to organic pollutants should be further ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tryland, Morten Lydersen, Christian Kovacs, Kit M. Thoresen, Stein Istre |
author_facet |
Tryland, Morten Lydersen, Christian Kovacs, Kit M. Thoresen, Stein Istre |
author_sort |
Tryland, Morten |
title |
Serum chemistry reference values in free‐ranging North Atlantic male walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Svalbard archipelago |
title_short |
Serum chemistry reference values in free‐ranging North Atlantic male walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Svalbard archipelago |
title_full |
Serum chemistry reference values in free‐ranging North Atlantic male walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Svalbard archipelago |
title_fullStr |
Serum chemistry reference values in free‐ranging North Atlantic male walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Svalbard archipelago |
title_full_unstemmed |
Serum chemistry reference values in free‐ranging North Atlantic male walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Svalbard archipelago |
title_sort |
serum chemistry reference values in free‐ranging north atlantic male walruses ( odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the svalbard archipelago |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00154.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1939-165X.2009.00154.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2009.00154.x |
geographic |
Arctic Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago Pacific Norway |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago Pacific Norway |
genre |
Arctic North Atlantic Odobenus rosmarus Svalbard walrus* |
genre_facet |
Arctic North Atlantic Odobenus rosmarus Svalbard walrus* |
op_source |
Veterinary Clinical Pathology volume 38, issue 4, page 501-506 ISSN 0275-6382 1939-165X |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00154.x |
container_title |
Veterinary Clinical Pathology |
container_volume |
38 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
501 |
op_container_end_page |
506 |
_version_ |
1784264777302802432 |