WHALE REACTIONS TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN CAPE COD WATERS
A bstract A review of our whale observations of more than 25 years indicated that each of the species commonly observed within 35 km of Cape Cod reacted differently to stimuli from human activities, and that these responses have gradually changed with time. Over the years of exposure to ships, for e...
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crwiley:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00134.x 2024-04-07T07:51:17+00:00 WHALE REACTIONS TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN CAPE COD WATERS Watkins, William A. 1986 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00134.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1748-7692.1986.tb00134.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00134.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Marine Mammal Science volume 2, issue 4, page 251-262 ISSN 0824-0469 1748-7692 Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics journal-article 1986 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00134.x 2024-03-08T03:56:01Z A bstract A review of our whale observations of more than 25 years indicated that each of the species commonly observed within 35 km of Cape Cod reacted differently to stimuli from human activities, and that these responses have gradually changed with time. Over the years of exposure to ships, for example, minke whales ( Balaenoptera acutorostrata ) have changed from frequent positive interest to generally uninterested reactions, finback whales ( B. physalus ) have changed from mostly negative to uninterested reactions, right whales ( Eubalaena glacialis ) have apparently continued the same variety of responses with little change, and humpbacks ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) have dramatically changed from mixed responses that were often negative to often strongly positive reactions. These reactions appeared to result mostly from three types of stimuli: primarily underwater sound, then light reflectivity, and tactile sensation. The whale reactions were related to their assessment of the stimuli as attractive, uninteresting or disturbing, their assessment of the movements of the sources of the stimuli relative to their own positions, and their assessment of the occurrence of stimuli as expected or unexpected. Whale reactions were modified by their previous experience and current activity: habituation often occurred rapidly, attention to other stimuli or preoccupation with other activities sometimes overcame their interest or wariness of stimuli, and inactivity seemed to allow whales to notice and react to stimuli that otherwise might have been ignored. The changes over time in the reactions of whales to stimuli from human activities were gradual and constantly varying with increased exposure to these activities. Article in Journal/Newspaper Balaenoptera acutorostrata Eubalaena glacialis Megaptera novaeangliae Wiley Online Library Marine Mammal Science 2 4 251 262 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
topic |
Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
spellingShingle |
Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Watkins, William A. WHALE REACTIONS TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN CAPE COD WATERS |
topic_facet |
Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
description |
A bstract A review of our whale observations of more than 25 years indicated that each of the species commonly observed within 35 km of Cape Cod reacted differently to stimuli from human activities, and that these responses have gradually changed with time. Over the years of exposure to ships, for example, minke whales ( Balaenoptera acutorostrata ) have changed from frequent positive interest to generally uninterested reactions, finback whales ( B. physalus ) have changed from mostly negative to uninterested reactions, right whales ( Eubalaena glacialis ) have apparently continued the same variety of responses with little change, and humpbacks ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) have dramatically changed from mixed responses that were often negative to often strongly positive reactions. These reactions appeared to result mostly from three types of stimuli: primarily underwater sound, then light reflectivity, and tactile sensation. The whale reactions were related to their assessment of the stimuli as attractive, uninteresting or disturbing, their assessment of the movements of the sources of the stimuli relative to their own positions, and their assessment of the occurrence of stimuli as expected or unexpected. Whale reactions were modified by their previous experience and current activity: habituation often occurred rapidly, attention to other stimuli or preoccupation with other activities sometimes overcame their interest or wariness of stimuli, and inactivity seemed to allow whales to notice and react to stimuli that otherwise might have been ignored. The changes over time in the reactions of whales to stimuli from human activities were gradual and constantly varying with increased exposure to these activities. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Watkins, William A. |
author_facet |
Watkins, William A. |
author_sort |
Watkins, William A. |
title |
WHALE REACTIONS TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN CAPE COD WATERS |
title_short |
WHALE REACTIONS TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN CAPE COD WATERS |
title_full |
WHALE REACTIONS TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN CAPE COD WATERS |
title_fullStr |
WHALE REACTIONS TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN CAPE COD WATERS |
title_full_unstemmed |
WHALE REACTIONS TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN CAPE COD WATERS |
title_sort |
whale reactions to human activities in cape cod waters |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
1986 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00134.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1748-7692.1986.tb00134.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00134.x |
genre |
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Eubalaena glacialis Megaptera novaeangliae |
genre_facet |
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Eubalaena glacialis Megaptera novaeangliae |
op_source |
Marine Mammal Science volume 2, issue 4, page 251-262 ISSN 0824-0469 1748-7692 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00134.x |
container_title |
Marine Mammal Science |
container_volume |
2 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
251 |
op_container_end_page |
262 |
_version_ |
1795666199819845632 |