Recharge and Preservation of Laurentide Glacial Melt Water in the Canadian Shield
Abstract Ground water inflows to drifts ranging from 700 to 1615 m below ground surface at the Con Mine, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada, were used to study deep hydrogeological flow regimes in Shield terrain. Salinity trends are due to mixing between low‐TDS ground water and deep Ca(Na)‐...
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crwiley:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02709.x 2024-04-14T08:13:11+00:00 Recharge and Preservation of Laurentide Glacial Melt Water in the Canadian Shield Clark, Ian D. Douglas, Malcolm Raven, Kenneth Bottomley, Dennis 2000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02709.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1745-6584.2000.tb02709.x http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02709.x/fullpdf en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Groundwater volume 38, issue 5, page 735-742 ISSN 0017-467X 1745-6584 Computers in Earth Sciences Water Science and Technology journal-article 2000 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02709.x 2024-03-19T10:56:34Z Abstract Ground water inflows to drifts ranging from 700 to 1615 m below ground surface at the Con Mine, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada, were used to study deep hydrogeological flow regimes in Shield terrain. Salinity trends are due to mixing between low‐TDS ground water and deep Ca(Na)‐C1 brines (>290 g/L) likely derived from Devonian sea water. C1 ‐ −δ 18 O relationships demonstrate that all inflows are a mixture of three distinct components: modern meteoric ground water (δ 18 O ∼−18.9 ± 0.1% o ), brine (δ 18 O ∼−10% o ), and an isotopically depleted water (δ 18 O ∼−28% o ). The origin of this third endmember is attributed to glacial melt water injected into the subsurface during ablation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet at ca. 10 ka. A mechanism is proposed where high hydrostatic pressure in the ablation zone imposes strong downward gradients beneath the ice sheet margin. Numerical simulation with the SWIFT II finite‐difference code recreates the observed salinity gradients within a modeled 50‐year interval, corresponding with the rate of retreat of the ice sheet across the landscape at this time. The persistence of this melt water in the subsurface for some 10,000 years following retreat of the ice and decay of the steep hydraulic gradients highlights the importance of gradient, in addition to permeability, as a major control on ground water flow and transport in deep crystalline settings. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice Sheet Northwest Territories Yellowknife Wiley Online Library Canada Northwest Territories Yellowknife Groundwater 38 5 735 742 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
topic |
Computers in Earth Sciences Water Science and Technology |
spellingShingle |
Computers in Earth Sciences Water Science and Technology Clark, Ian D. Douglas, Malcolm Raven, Kenneth Bottomley, Dennis Recharge and Preservation of Laurentide Glacial Melt Water in the Canadian Shield |
topic_facet |
Computers in Earth Sciences Water Science and Technology |
description |
Abstract Ground water inflows to drifts ranging from 700 to 1615 m below ground surface at the Con Mine, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada, were used to study deep hydrogeological flow regimes in Shield terrain. Salinity trends are due to mixing between low‐TDS ground water and deep Ca(Na)‐C1 brines (>290 g/L) likely derived from Devonian sea water. C1 ‐ −δ 18 O relationships demonstrate that all inflows are a mixture of three distinct components: modern meteoric ground water (δ 18 O ∼−18.9 ± 0.1% o ), brine (δ 18 O ∼−10% o ), and an isotopically depleted water (δ 18 O ∼−28% o ). The origin of this third endmember is attributed to glacial melt water injected into the subsurface during ablation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet at ca. 10 ka. A mechanism is proposed where high hydrostatic pressure in the ablation zone imposes strong downward gradients beneath the ice sheet margin. Numerical simulation with the SWIFT II finite‐difference code recreates the observed salinity gradients within a modeled 50‐year interval, corresponding with the rate of retreat of the ice sheet across the landscape at this time. The persistence of this melt water in the subsurface for some 10,000 years following retreat of the ice and decay of the steep hydraulic gradients highlights the importance of gradient, in addition to permeability, as a major control on ground water flow and transport in deep crystalline settings. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Clark, Ian D. Douglas, Malcolm Raven, Kenneth Bottomley, Dennis |
author_facet |
Clark, Ian D. Douglas, Malcolm Raven, Kenneth Bottomley, Dennis |
author_sort |
Clark, Ian D. |
title |
Recharge and Preservation of Laurentide Glacial Melt Water in the Canadian Shield |
title_short |
Recharge and Preservation of Laurentide Glacial Melt Water in the Canadian Shield |
title_full |
Recharge and Preservation of Laurentide Glacial Melt Water in the Canadian Shield |
title_fullStr |
Recharge and Preservation of Laurentide Glacial Melt Water in the Canadian Shield |
title_full_unstemmed |
Recharge and Preservation of Laurentide Glacial Melt Water in the Canadian Shield |
title_sort |
recharge and preservation of laurentide glacial melt water in the canadian shield |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2000 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02709.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1745-6584.2000.tb02709.x http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02709.x/fullpdf |
geographic |
Canada Northwest Territories Yellowknife |
geographic_facet |
Canada Northwest Territories Yellowknife |
genre |
Ice Sheet Northwest Territories Yellowknife |
genre_facet |
Ice Sheet Northwest Territories Yellowknife |
op_source |
Groundwater volume 38, issue 5, page 735-742 ISSN 0017-467X 1745-6584 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb02709.x |
container_title |
Groundwater |
container_volume |
38 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
735 |
op_container_end_page |
742 |
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1796311106122153984 |