THE BEGINNINGS OF ANTARCTIC MACROALGAL CHEMICAL ECOLOGY: DEFENSES AGAINST HERBIVORES IN A NITROGEN REPLETE, CARBON LIMITED OCEAN
Amsler, C. D. 1 , Iken, K. B. 1 , McClintock, J. B. 1 , Furrow, F. B. 2 , & Baker, B. J. 2 1 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294‐1170 USA; 2 Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA We examined palatability of A...
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crwiley:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2001.jpy37303-4.x 2024-06-02T07:58:15+00:00 THE BEGINNINGS OF ANTARCTIC MACROALGAL CHEMICAL ECOLOGY: DEFENSES AGAINST HERBIVORES IN A NITROGEN REPLETE, CARBON LIMITED OCEAN 2001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2001.jpy37303-4.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2001.jpy37303-4.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2001.jpy37303-4.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Phycology volume 37, issue s3, page 5-5 ISSN 0022-3646 1529-8817 journal-article 2001 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2001.jpy37303-4.x 2024-05-03T12:05:08Z Amsler, C. D. 1 , Iken, K. B. 1 , McClintock, J. B. 1 , Furrow, F. B. 2 , & Baker, B. J. 2 1 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294‐1170 USA; 2 Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA We examined palatability of Antarctic Peninsula macroalgae in feeding bioassays with three common, sympatric macroalgal‐consuming omnivores (amphipod, fish, sea star). Antarctic macroalgae have low C:N ratios, high nitrogen contents, and are usually growth limited by carbon (light). The Carbon Nutrient Balance Hypothesis (CNBH) predicts that macroalgae would produce nitrogenous secondary metabolites for defense rather than high levels of non‐nitrogenous defenses under these conditions. To date, feeding bioassays have been performed on fragments of thallus from 26 macroalgal species and 21 (81%) were rejected by at least one omnivore. Organic extracts from 13 macroalgal species rejected as thallus were used in feeding bioassays. At least one extract from 12 species (92%) was rejected by at least one omnivore, suggesting that chemical defenses against herbivores probably are present in at least some of the macroalgal species. We have identified a number of specific, non‐nitrogenous secondary metabolites in these extracts and previous workers have also reported non‐nitrogenous secondary metabolites from antarctic macroalgae. Additional extracts targeting nitrogenous metabolites from 25 species were subjected to thin layer chromatography and visualized by stains specific for nitrogenous compounds. No nitrogenous secondary metabolites were identified by this or other methods. Nitrogenous secondary metabolites are also extremely rare in macroalgae from other areas of the world. Consequently, although our bioassays suggest that chemical defenses probably do occur, our data cast doubt on the applicability of the CNBH for predicting the chemical composition of macroalgal defenses under carbon limited conditions. (NSF OPP9814538, OPP9901076) Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Wiley Online Library Alabama Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Iken ENVELOPE(88.949,88.949,70.523,70.523) McClintock ENVELOPE(157.433,157.433,-80.217,-80.217) Journal of Phycology 37 5 5 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Amsler, C. D. 1 , Iken, K. B. 1 , McClintock, J. B. 1 , Furrow, F. B. 2 , & Baker, B. J. 2 1 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294‐1170 USA; 2 Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA We examined palatability of Antarctic Peninsula macroalgae in feeding bioassays with three common, sympatric macroalgal‐consuming omnivores (amphipod, fish, sea star). Antarctic macroalgae have low C:N ratios, high nitrogen contents, and are usually growth limited by carbon (light). The Carbon Nutrient Balance Hypothesis (CNBH) predicts that macroalgae would produce nitrogenous secondary metabolites for defense rather than high levels of non‐nitrogenous defenses under these conditions. To date, feeding bioassays have been performed on fragments of thallus from 26 macroalgal species and 21 (81%) were rejected by at least one omnivore. Organic extracts from 13 macroalgal species rejected as thallus were used in feeding bioassays. At least one extract from 12 species (92%) was rejected by at least one omnivore, suggesting that chemical defenses against herbivores probably are present in at least some of the macroalgal species. We have identified a number of specific, non‐nitrogenous secondary metabolites in these extracts and previous workers have also reported non‐nitrogenous secondary metabolites from antarctic macroalgae. Additional extracts targeting nitrogenous metabolites from 25 species were subjected to thin layer chromatography and visualized by stains specific for nitrogenous compounds. No nitrogenous secondary metabolites were identified by this or other methods. Nitrogenous secondary metabolites are also extremely rare in macroalgae from other areas of the world. Consequently, although our bioassays suggest that chemical defenses probably do occur, our data cast doubt on the applicability of the CNBH for predicting the chemical composition of macroalgal defenses under carbon limited conditions. (NSF OPP9814538, OPP9901076) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
title |
THE BEGINNINGS OF ANTARCTIC MACROALGAL CHEMICAL ECOLOGY: DEFENSES AGAINST HERBIVORES IN A NITROGEN REPLETE, CARBON LIMITED OCEAN |
spellingShingle |
THE BEGINNINGS OF ANTARCTIC MACROALGAL CHEMICAL ECOLOGY: DEFENSES AGAINST HERBIVORES IN A NITROGEN REPLETE, CARBON LIMITED OCEAN |
title_short |
THE BEGINNINGS OF ANTARCTIC MACROALGAL CHEMICAL ECOLOGY: DEFENSES AGAINST HERBIVORES IN A NITROGEN REPLETE, CARBON LIMITED OCEAN |
title_full |
THE BEGINNINGS OF ANTARCTIC MACROALGAL CHEMICAL ECOLOGY: DEFENSES AGAINST HERBIVORES IN A NITROGEN REPLETE, CARBON LIMITED OCEAN |
title_fullStr |
THE BEGINNINGS OF ANTARCTIC MACROALGAL CHEMICAL ECOLOGY: DEFENSES AGAINST HERBIVORES IN A NITROGEN REPLETE, CARBON LIMITED OCEAN |
title_full_unstemmed |
THE BEGINNINGS OF ANTARCTIC MACROALGAL CHEMICAL ECOLOGY: DEFENSES AGAINST HERBIVORES IN A NITROGEN REPLETE, CARBON LIMITED OCEAN |
title_sort |
beginnings of antarctic macroalgal chemical ecology: defenses against herbivores in a nitrogen replete, carbon limited ocean |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2001 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2001.jpy37303-4.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2001.jpy37303-4.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2001.jpy37303-4.x |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(88.949,88.949,70.523,70.523) ENVELOPE(157.433,157.433,-80.217,-80.217) |
geographic |
Alabama Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Iken McClintock |
geographic_facet |
Alabama Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Iken McClintock |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula |
op_source |
Journal of Phycology volume 37, issue s3, page 5-5 ISSN 0022-3646 1529-8817 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2001.jpy37303-4.x |
container_title |
Journal of Phycology |
container_volume |
37 |
container_start_page |
5 |
op_container_end_page |
5 |
_version_ |
1800741540179476480 |