REMOVAL OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MATTER FROM ANTARCTIC LAKES BY AERIAL ESCAPE OF BLUEGREEN ALGAL MATS 1

• Published in: Journal of Phycology
• Main Authors: Parker, Bruce C., Simmons, George M., Wharton, Robert A., Seaburg, Kenneth G., Love, F. Gordon
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 1982
• Subjects: Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1982.tb03158.x; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.1982.tb03158.x; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1982.tb03158.x

ABSTRACT Field studies on three perennially ice‐covered Antarctic oasis lakes with little or no outflow disclosed a unique biological phenomenon. Benthic algal mats dominated by the prokaryotic Phormidium frigidum Fritsch and several pennate diatoms growing in shallower, more brightly illuminated areas beneath 4 to 5.5 m of ice accumulate and entrap bubbles of photosynthetically produced oxygen. Clumps of this gas‐filled mat tear loose from the gravelly substrate, lift off and float to the bottom of the lake ice. Some of these floating mat pieces become frozen into newly forming ice with the onset of winter. Through the combination of ablation of ice from the upper surface and the formation of new ice from below, algal mat pieces reach the upper lake surface in 5–10 years. Here, they are lyophilized by polar winds and dispersed in at least a partially viable state. The process of mat lift‐off and escape is important in removing nutrients and salts from these lakes and helps to perpetuate their oligotrophic state. Neutron activation and X‐ray dispersive analyses of elements in the algal mats along with other analyses, field observations, and calculations suggest that significant quantities of organic matter, select minerals and salts are lost from the lakes annually through this process whose magnitude has not been recognized previously.