Pool Spacing, Channel Morphology, and the Restoration of Tidal Forested Wetlands of the Columbia River, U.S.A.
Abstract Tidal forested wetlands have sustained substantial areal losses associated with human land use, and restoration practitioners lack descriptions of ecosystem structures within these systems, in which surface water is a significant controlling factor on flora and fauna. In particular, the rol...
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crwiley:10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00449.x 2024-06-02T08:07:09+00:00 Pool Spacing, Channel Morphology, and the Restoration of Tidal Forested Wetlands of the Columbia River, U.S.A. Diefenderfer, Heida L. Montgomery, David R. 2009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00449.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1526-100X.2008.00449.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00449.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Restoration Ecology volume 17, issue 1, page 158-168 ISSN 1061-2971 1526-100X journal-article 2009 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00449.x 2024-05-03T10:41:00Z Abstract Tidal forested wetlands have sustained substantial areal losses associated with human land use, and restoration practitioners lack descriptions of ecosystem structures within these systems, in which surface water is a significant controlling factor on flora and fauna. In particular, the roles of large wood in tidal areas remain poorly described compared to terrestrial and riverine ecosystems. This study documents the role of large wood accumulations in forcing channel morphology in remnant Sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis )–dominated tidal freshwater wetlands (swamps) in the floodplain of the Columbia River, U.S.A., near the Pacific coast. The average pool spacing documented in channel surveys of three swamps near Grays Bay, 2.2–2.8 channel widths per pool, was not significantly different. There were higher numbers of pools on these tidal forested wetland channels (median 2.7 pools/100 m) than on a nearby diked agricultural site prior to restoration. Log jams were common in the swamps and nonexistent in the pasturelands prior to restoration. On the basis of pool spacing and observed sequences of log jams and pools, tidal forested wetland channels were classified consistent with a forced step‐pool channel type. This new classification for tidal systems provides a basis for restoration project design involving placement of large wood and development of pool habitats for aquatic species. Modifications by beaver ( Castor canadensis ) observed on restoration and reference sites warrant further investigation to explore the interactions between these animals and restoration methods that affect channel structure and hydraulics in tidal forced step‐pool channels. Article in Journal/Newspaper Grays Bay Wiley Online Library Grays Bay ENVELOPE(-111.053,-111.053,67.818,67.818) Pacific Restoration Ecology 17 1 158 168 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Tidal forested wetlands have sustained substantial areal losses associated with human land use, and restoration practitioners lack descriptions of ecosystem structures within these systems, in which surface water is a significant controlling factor on flora and fauna. In particular, the roles of large wood in tidal areas remain poorly described compared to terrestrial and riverine ecosystems. This study documents the role of large wood accumulations in forcing channel morphology in remnant Sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis )–dominated tidal freshwater wetlands (swamps) in the floodplain of the Columbia River, U.S.A., near the Pacific coast. The average pool spacing documented in channel surveys of three swamps near Grays Bay, 2.2–2.8 channel widths per pool, was not significantly different. There were higher numbers of pools on these tidal forested wetland channels (median 2.7 pools/100 m) than on a nearby diked agricultural site prior to restoration. Log jams were common in the swamps and nonexistent in the pasturelands prior to restoration. On the basis of pool spacing and observed sequences of log jams and pools, tidal forested wetland channels were classified consistent with a forced step‐pool channel type. This new classification for tidal systems provides a basis for restoration project design involving placement of large wood and development of pool habitats for aquatic species. Modifications by beaver ( Castor canadensis ) observed on restoration and reference sites warrant further investigation to explore the interactions between these animals and restoration methods that affect channel structure and hydraulics in tidal forced step‐pool channels. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Diefenderfer, Heida L. Montgomery, David R. |
spellingShingle |
Diefenderfer, Heida L. Montgomery, David R. Pool Spacing, Channel Morphology, and the Restoration of Tidal Forested Wetlands of the Columbia River, U.S.A. |
author_facet |
Diefenderfer, Heida L. Montgomery, David R. |
author_sort |
Diefenderfer, Heida L. |
title |
Pool Spacing, Channel Morphology, and the Restoration of Tidal Forested Wetlands of the Columbia River, U.S.A. |
title_short |
Pool Spacing, Channel Morphology, and the Restoration of Tidal Forested Wetlands of the Columbia River, U.S.A. |
title_full |
Pool Spacing, Channel Morphology, and the Restoration of Tidal Forested Wetlands of the Columbia River, U.S.A. |
title_fullStr |
Pool Spacing, Channel Morphology, and the Restoration of Tidal Forested Wetlands of the Columbia River, U.S.A. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pool Spacing, Channel Morphology, and the Restoration of Tidal Forested Wetlands of the Columbia River, U.S.A. |
title_sort |
pool spacing, channel morphology, and the restoration of tidal forested wetlands of the columbia river, u.s.a. |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00449.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1526-100X.2008.00449.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00449.x |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-111.053,-111.053,67.818,67.818) |
geographic |
Grays Bay Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Grays Bay Pacific |
genre |
Grays Bay |
genre_facet |
Grays Bay |
op_source |
Restoration Ecology volume 17, issue 1, page 158-168 ISSN 1061-2971 1526-100X |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00449.x |
container_title |
Restoration Ecology |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
158 |
op_container_end_page |
168 |
_version_ |
1800752166538838016 |