The structure and blood‐storing function of the spleen of the hooded seal ( Cystophora cristata)
Abstract The mammalian spleen consists of white and red pulp and serves at least the dual purpose of immunological functions and filtration, and subsequent lysis of abnormal red blood cells (RBCs) from the blood. Seals are known to have very large spleens with a mass that, when fully dilated, amount...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x |
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crwiley:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x 2024-06-02T08:05:41+00:00 The structure and blood‐storing function of the spleen of the hooded seal ( Cystophora cristata) Cabanac, Arnaud J. Messelt, Edward B. Folkow, Lars P. Blix, Arnoldus Schytte 1999 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Zoology volume 248, issue 1, page 75-81 ISSN 0952-8369 1469-7998 journal-article 1999 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x 2024-05-03T10:36:01Z Abstract The mammalian spleen consists of white and red pulp and serves at least the dual purpose of immunological functions and filtration, and subsequent lysis of abnormal red blood cells (RBCs) from the blood. Seals are known to have very large spleens with a mass that, when fully dilated, amounts to about 2–4% of body mass. The red pulp in these animals serves as a temporary store for large amounts of (oxygenated) RBCs, which may be released during diving. In the present study the spleens of four hooded seals, which are known to be able to stay submerged for almost 1 h and reach depths in excess of 1000 m, were examined histologically. The hooded seal red pulp was found to contain perforated arterioles that communicate with interconnected fenestrated venous sinuses through which the blood commutes with an extravascular room. It is proposed that this extravascular room is engorged with blood in response to withdrawal of alpha‐adrenergic nervous tone to the splenic capsular smooth muscle, concomitant with dilatation of the splenic artery and increased splenic venous resistance. This will result in capsular dilatation and increased inflow of blood to the extravascular room, where RBCs may adhere reversibly to a mesh of reticular fibres, while the plasma fraction can escape back into circulation by way of the fenestrations. In preparation for the release of the RBCs, the opposite will happen – the capsula and the splenic artery constrict gradually, while the splenic veins dilate, and the RBCs are washed out. It is suggested that the release of the RBCs from the reticular fibres is facilitated by the release of a hitherto unknown substance, in response to beta‐adrenergic nervous stimulation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Cystophora cristata hooded seal Wiley Online Library Journal of Zoology 248 1 75 81 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract The mammalian spleen consists of white and red pulp and serves at least the dual purpose of immunological functions and filtration, and subsequent lysis of abnormal red blood cells (RBCs) from the blood. Seals are known to have very large spleens with a mass that, when fully dilated, amounts to about 2–4% of body mass. The red pulp in these animals serves as a temporary store for large amounts of (oxygenated) RBCs, which may be released during diving. In the present study the spleens of four hooded seals, which are known to be able to stay submerged for almost 1 h and reach depths in excess of 1000 m, were examined histologically. The hooded seal red pulp was found to contain perforated arterioles that communicate with interconnected fenestrated venous sinuses through which the blood commutes with an extravascular room. It is proposed that this extravascular room is engorged with blood in response to withdrawal of alpha‐adrenergic nervous tone to the splenic capsular smooth muscle, concomitant with dilatation of the splenic artery and increased splenic venous resistance. This will result in capsular dilatation and increased inflow of blood to the extravascular room, where RBCs may adhere reversibly to a mesh of reticular fibres, while the plasma fraction can escape back into circulation by way of the fenestrations. In preparation for the release of the RBCs, the opposite will happen – the capsula and the splenic artery constrict gradually, while the splenic veins dilate, and the RBCs are washed out. It is suggested that the release of the RBCs from the reticular fibres is facilitated by the release of a hitherto unknown substance, in response to beta‐adrenergic nervous stimulation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cabanac, Arnaud J. Messelt, Edward B. Folkow, Lars P. Blix, Arnoldus Schytte |
spellingShingle |
Cabanac, Arnaud J. Messelt, Edward B. Folkow, Lars P. Blix, Arnoldus Schytte The structure and blood‐storing function of the spleen of the hooded seal ( Cystophora cristata) |
author_facet |
Cabanac, Arnaud J. Messelt, Edward B. Folkow, Lars P. Blix, Arnoldus Schytte |
author_sort |
Cabanac, Arnaud J. |
title |
The structure and blood‐storing function of the spleen of the hooded seal ( Cystophora cristata) |
title_short |
The structure and blood‐storing function of the spleen of the hooded seal ( Cystophora cristata) |
title_full |
The structure and blood‐storing function of the spleen of the hooded seal ( Cystophora cristata) |
title_fullStr |
The structure and blood‐storing function of the spleen of the hooded seal ( Cystophora cristata) |
title_full_unstemmed |
The structure and blood‐storing function of the spleen of the hooded seal ( Cystophora cristata) |
title_sort |
structure and blood‐storing function of the spleen of the hooded seal ( cystophora cristata) |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
1999 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x |
genre |
Cystophora cristata hooded seal |
genre_facet |
Cystophora cristata hooded seal |
op_source |
Journal of Zoology volume 248, issue 1, page 75-81 ISSN 0952-8369 1469-7998 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01024.x |
container_title |
Journal of Zoology |
container_volume |
248 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
75 |
op_container_end_page |
81 |
_version_ |
1800750558295883776 |