The 1994 EU Referendum in Norway: Continuity and Change
In the 1994 EU referendum a majority of Norwegian voters rejected membership in the European Union. The outcome contrasts with victories for membership in the corresponding referendums in Austria, Finland and Sweden. The article reports a preliminary investigation of factors relating to the support...
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crwiley:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1996.tb00393.x 2024-09-15T18:25:51+00:00 The 1994 EU Referendum in Norway: Continuity and Change Pettersen, Per Arnt Jenssen, Anders Todal Listhaug, Ola 1996 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.1996.tb00393.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9477.1996.tb00393.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-9477.1996.tb00393.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Scandinavian Political Studies volume 19, issue 3, page 257-281 ISSN 0080-6757 1467-9477 journal-article 1996 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.1996.tb00393.x 2024-08-06T04:18:50Z In the 1994 EU referendum a majority of Norwegian voters rejected membership in the European Union. The outcome contrasts with victories for membership in the corresponding referendums in Austria, Finland and Sweden. The article reports a preliminary investigation of factors relating to the support for “no”. Analysis of aggregate data (representing 435 municipalities) and survey data demonstrates the importance of traditional cleavages as well as new cleavages for the vote. The no‐vote was strongest in northern Norway, among supporters of the traditional “counter‐cultures” and among those employed in the primary sector. Women were more likely to vote no as were public sector employees. The major parties took relatively clear stands on the issue, and we find that party identification shows a strong correlation with the vote in the referendum. With a turnout of 89 percent, the 1994 referendum represents an all‐time high for elections in Norway. Compared with the previous referendum on the EC in 1972, we find that the increase in mobilization was particularly strong in the no‐dominated periphery, but the shift in mobilization patterns was not decisive for the outcome of the referendum. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Norway Wiley Online Library Scandinavian Political Studies 19 3 257 281 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
In the 1994 EU referendum a majority of Norwegian voters rejected membership in the European Union. The outcome contrasts with victories for membership in the corresponding referendums in Austria, Finland and Sweden. The article reports a preliminary investigation of factors relating to the support for “no”. Analysis of aggregate data (representing 435 municipalities) and survey data demonstrates the importance of traditional cleavages as well as new cleavages for the vote. The no‐vote was strongest in northern Norway, among supporters of the traditional “counter‐cultures” and among those employed in the primary sector. Women were more likely to vote no as were public sector employees. The major parties took relatively clear stands on the issue, and we find that party identification shows a strong correlation with the vote in the referendum. With a turnout of 89 percent, the 1994 referendum represents an all‐time high for elections in Norway. Compared with the previous referendum on the EC in 1972, we find that the increase in mobilization was particularly strong in the no‐dominated periphery, but the shift in mobilization patterns was not decisive for the outcome of the referendum. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pettersen, Per Arnt Jenssen, Anders Todal Listhaug, Ola |
spellingShingle |
Pettersen, Per Arnt Jenssen, Anders Todal Listhaug, Ola The 1994 EU Referendum in Norway: Continuity and Change |
author_facet |
Pettersen, Per Arnt Jenssen, Anders Todal Listhaug, Ola |
author_sort |
Pettersen, Per Arnt |
title |
The 1994 EU Referendum in Norway: Continuity and Change |
title_short |
The 1994 EU Referendum in Norway: Continuity and Change |
title_full |
The 1994 EU Referendum in Norway: Continuity and Change |
title_fullStr |
The 1994 EU Referendum in Norway: Continuity and Change |
title_full_unstemmed |
The 1994 EU Referendum in Norway: Continuity and Change |
title_sort |
1994 eu referendum in norway: continuity and change |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
1996 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.1996.tb00393.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9477.1996.tb00393.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-9477.1996.tb00393.x |
genre |
Northern Norway |
genre_facet |
Northern Norway |
op_source |
Scandinavian Political Studies volume 19, issue 3, page 257-281 ISSN 0080-6757 1467-9477 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.1996.tb00393.x |
container_title |
Scandinavian Political Studies |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
257 |
op_container_end_page |
281 |
_version_ |
1810466325784428544 |