The Form of Combative Strategy in Interactions among Wolf Pups (Canis lupus)
Abstract and Summary This study concerns the form of combative interactions between wolf pups and how this form relates to strategy. Filmed records were analysed for dyadic interactions among three pups between the ages of two weeks and five months. By isolating and recombining the variables of body...
Published in: | Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
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Language: | English |
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Wiley
1985
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x |
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crwiley:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x 2024-06-02T08:05:05+00:00 The Form of Combative Strategy in Interactions among Wolf Pups (Canis lupus) Havkin, Zvika Fentress, John C. 1985 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie volume 68, issue 3, page 177-200 ISSN 0044-3573 journal-article 1985 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x 2024-05-03T11:25:17Z Abstract and Summary This study concerns the form of combative interactions between wolf pups and how this form relates to strategy. Filmed records were analysed for dyadic interactions among three pups between the ages of two weeks and five months. By isolating and recombining the variables of body pitch, snout contact placement, and mutual orientation, combative strategies leading to unbalancing (falling) of one partner were evaluated. It was found that consistent dyadic configurations, bite locations and patterns of leg sweeps could be related to three distinct styles of falling (side, back and forward falls). Forward falls developed last, and represent a controlled strategy of active defense. “Top” and “bottom” pups can switch roles but show position–dependent regularities in behavior. These biomechanically defined regularities clarify some problems associated with the constructs of play and dominance–submission. Zusammenfassung Untersucht wurden die aggressiven Handlungen von jungen Wölfen und ihre Kampfstrategie. Die Analyse basiert auf Filmaufnahmen von 2 Wochen bis 5 Monate alten Wolfsjungen. Näher analysiert wurden Interaktionen von Zweiergruppen (dyadic interactions), sofern hierbei eines der Jungen zu Fall gekommen war. Registriert wurden drei Variable: 1. der Vertikalanteil der Körperposition jedes Jungen (body level), 2. die Position der Schnauze auf dem Körper des Gegenübers (snout contact), 3. der Horizontalanteil der Körperposition jedes Jungen in bezug auf seinen Partner (mutual orientation). Aus 62 Interaktionen wird jeweils beschrieben: 1. die Position der Beteiligten vor dem Fall, 2. auf welche Weise eines der beiden Jungen aus dem Gleichgewicht kam, 3. die Reaktion des aus dem Gleichgewicht gekommenen Jungen. Nach der Bildung einer T–ähnlichen Stellung blieb in 90% aller Fälle dasjenige Junge stehen (top pup), das die Basis des T bildete, während das andere Junge zu Boden fiel (bottom pup). Das „top pup” und das „bottom pup” zeigten zudem unterschiedliches Beißverhalten. Mit Hilfe dieser ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus Wiley Online Library Alten ENVELOPE(14.009,14.009,66.969,66.969) Boden ENVELOPE(21.683,21.683,65.809,65.809) Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 68 3 177 200 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract and Summary This study concerns the form of combative interactions between wolf pups and how this form relates to strategy. Filmed records were analysed for dyadic interactions among three pups between the ages of two weeks and five months. By isolating and recombining the variables of body pitch, snout contact placement, and mutual orientation, combative strategies leading to unbalancing (falling) of one partner were evaluated. It was found that consistent dyadic configurations, bite locations and patterns of leg sweeps could be related to three distinct styles of falling (side, back and forward falls). Forward falls developed last, and represent a controlled strategy of active defense. “Top” and “bottom” pups can switch roles but show position–dependent regularities in behavior. These biomechanically defined regularities clarify some problems associated with the constructs of play and dominance–submission. Zusammenfassung Untersucht wurden die aggressiven Handlungen von jungen Wölfen und ihre Kampfstrategie. Die Analyse basiert auf Filmaufnahmen von 2 Wochen bis 5 Monate alten Wolfsjungen. Näher analysiert wurden Interaktionen von Zweiergruppen (dyadic interactions), sofern hierbei eines der Jungen zu Fall gekommen war. Registriert wurden drei Variable: 1. der Vertikalanteil der Körperposition jedes Jungen (body level), 2. die Position der Schnauze auf dem Körper des Gegenübers (snout contact), 3. der Horizontalanteil der Körperposition jedes Jungen in bezug auf seinen Partner (mutual orientation). Aus 62 Interaktionen wird jeweils beschrieben: 1. die Position der Beteiligten vor dem Fall, 2. auf welche Weise eines der beiden Jungen aus dem Gleichgewicht kam, 3. die Reaktion des aus dem Gleichgewicht gekommenen Jungen. Nach der Bildung einer T–ähnlichen Stellung blieb in 90% aller Fälle dasjenige Junge stehen (top pup), das die Basis des T bildete, während das andere Junge zu Boden fiel (bottom pup). Das „top pup” und das „bottom pup” zeigten zudem unterschiedliches Beißverhalten. Mit Hilfe dieser ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Havkin, Zvika Fentress, John C. |
spellingShingle |
Havkin, Zvika Fentress, John C. The Form of Combative Strategy in Interactions among Wolf Pups (Canis lupus) |
author_facet |
Havkin, Zvika Fentress, John C. |
author_sort |
Havkin, Zvika |
title |
The Form of Combative Strategy in Interactions among Wolf Pups (Canis lupus) |
title_short |
The Form of Combative Strategy in Interactions among Wolf Pups (Canis lupus) |
title_full |
The Form of Combative Strategy in Interactions among Wolf Pups (Canis lupus) |
title_fullStr |
The Form of Combative Strategy in Interactions among Wolf Pups (Canis lupus) |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Form of Combative Strategy in Interactions among Wolf Pups (Canis lupus) |
title_sort |
form of combative strategy in interactions among wolf pups (canis lupus) |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
1985 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(14.009,14.009,66.969,66.969) ENVELOPE(21.683,21.683,65.809,65.809) |
geographic |
Alten Boden |
geographic_facet |
Alten Boden |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie volume 68, issue 3, page 177-200 ISSN 0044-3573 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00123.x |
container_title |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
container_volume |
68 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
177 |
op_container_end_page |
200 |
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1800749840624254976 |