Winter hardening and glutathione status in the bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus) in response to trace gases (CO 2 , O 3 ) and nitrogen fertilization

• Published in: Physiologia Plantarum
• Main Authors: Taulavuori, Erja, Taulavuori, Kari, Laine, Kari, Pakonen, Tuulikki, Saari, Esko
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 1997
• Subjects: Northern Finland
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb01836.x; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1399-3054.1997.tb01836.x; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb01836.x

Bilberry plants ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) at a field site in northern Finland (65°N) were subjected to nitrogen fertilization [6.5 mmol m −2 NH 4 NO 3 × Ca(OH) 2 ] at the beginning of 3 growing seasons in late May and to trace gas fumigation (CO 2 and O 3 ) for 5 months (May–September) in 1993–1995 in order to investigate frost resistance and glutathione concentrations during the winter hardening period, and to assess the correlation between these variables. Harvesting was performed twice in the autumn of both 1994 and 1995, and the two‐year data for each harvest were pooled. The frost resistance of the bilberry stems increased by about 10°C during the hardening period between the two harvests. Nitrogen fertilization increased the frost resistance towards late autumn. The fumigation treatments had no marked effect on it. The combination of elevated CO 2 and nitrogen fertilization induced a decrease in frost resistance. Increases in total glutathione concentrations and the proportion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the stems were evident during hardening. Nitrogen fertilization positively affected the total glutathione concentration and the proportion of GSH at the beginning of the hardening period but the effect disappeared during the hardening process. Trace gas fumigation as such had no marked effect on glutathione concentration. Increases in glutathione concentrations during hardening did not correlate with frost resistance, possibly due to different timing of the appearence of the response to fertilization treatment, i.e., glutathione responded in the beginning of hardening while frost resistance at the end. The lack of correlation with frost resistance, and especially the different responses to nitrogen fertilization, may reflect the indirect role of glutathione in the development of winter hardening, as a transport and storage form of reduced nitrogen and sulphur. In conclusion, winter hardening and glutathione status in the bilberry seems to be sensitive to nitrogen fertilization, and not affected by ...