Behavioural trade‐offs in response to external stimuli: time allocation of an Arctic ungulate during varying intensities of harassment by parasitic flies
Summary 1. Macroparasites may be a major factor shaping animal behaviour. Tundra ecosystems inhabited by caribou and reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus ) are known for large concentrations of ectoparasites including mosquitoes (Culicidae) and black flies (Simuliidae), as well as endoparasitic oestrid flie...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01905.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2656.2011.01905.x https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01905.x |
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crwiley:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01905.x 2024-06-02T08:02:40+00:00 Behavioural trade‐offs in response to external stimuli: time allocation of an Arctic ungulate during varying intensities of harassment by parasitic flies Witter, Leslie A. Johnson, Chris J. Croft, Bruno Gunn, Anne Gillingham, Michael P. 2011 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01905.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2656.2011.01905.x https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01905.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Animal Ecology volume 81, issue 1, page 284-295 ISSN 0021-8790 1365-2656 journal-article 2011 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01905.x 2024-05-03T11:10:56Z Summary 1. Macroparasites may be a major factor shaping animal behaviour. Tundra ecosystems inhabited by caribou and reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus ) are known for large concentrations of ectoparasites including mosquitoes (Culicidae) and black flies (Simuliidae), as well as endoparasitic oestrid flies (Oestridae). 2. Increased intensity and duration of insect harassment because of climatic warming is hypothesized as a potential factor in recent declines of Rangifer across the circumpolar north. Although there is a well‐observed relationship between insect harassment and caribou/reindeer behaviour, the influence of ecto‐ relative to endoparasitic species is unclear. Climatic changes may favour the activity patterns, distribution or abundance of certain insect species; thus, understanding differential effects on the behaviour of Rangifer is important. 3. We recorded caribou behaviour using group scan and focal sampling methods, while simultaneously trapping insects and recording weather conditions on the postcalving/summer range of the Bathurst barren‐ground caribou herd in Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada, during 2007–2009. 4. We developed statistical model sets representing hypotheses about the effects of insects, weather, habitat/location, and date/time on caribou behaviour. We used multinomial logistic regression models to explore factors affecting the relative dominance of behaviour types within groups of caribou and fractional multinomial logistic regression models to determine factors influencing time allocation by individual caribou. We examined changes in feeding intensity using fractional logistic regression. 5. Relative dominance of insect avoidance behaviour within caribou groups and time allocation to insect avoidance by individual caribou increased when oestrid flies were present or black flies were active at moderate–high levels. Mosquito activity had relatively little effect on caribou behaviour. Time spent feeding was reduced by the greatest degree when all three insect types were present ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic caribou Northwest Territories Nunavut Rangifer tarandus Tundra Wiley Online Library Arctic Canada Northwest Territories Nunavut Journal of Animal Ecology 81 1 284 295 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Summary 1. Macroparasites may be a major factor shaping animal behaviour. Tundra ecosystems inhabited by caribou and reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus ) are known for large concentrations of ectoparasites including mosquitoes (Culicidae) and black flies (Simuliidae), as well as endoparasitic oestrid flies (Oestridae). 2. Increased intensity and duration of insect harassment because of climatic warming is hypothesized as a potential factor in recent declines of Rangifer across the circumpolar north. Although there is a well‐observed relationship between insect harassment and caribou/reindeer behaviour, the influence of ecto‐ relative to endoparasitic species is unclear. Climatic changes may favour the activity patterns, distribution or abundance of certain insect species; thus, understanding differential effects on the behaviour of Rangifer is important. 3. We recorded caribou behaviour using group scan and focal sampling methods, while simultaneously trapping insects and recording weather conditions on the postcalving/summer range of the Bathurst barren‐ground caribou herd in Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada, during 2007–2009. 4. We developed statistical model sets representing hypotheses about the effects of insects, weather, habitat/location, and date/time on caribou behaviour. We used multinomial logistic regression models to explore factors affecting the relative dominance of behaviour types within groups of caribou and fractional multinomial logistic regression models to determine factors influencing time allocation by individual caribou. We examined changes in feeding intensity using fractional logistic regression. 5. Relative dominance of insect avoidance behaviour within caribou groups and time allocation to insect avoidance by individual caribou increased when oestrid flies were present or black flies were active at moderate–high levels. Mosquito activity had relatively little effect on caribou behaviour. Time spent feeding was reduced by the greatest degree when all three insect types were present ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Witter, Leslie A. Johnson, Chris J. Croft, Bruno Gunn, Anne Gillingham, Michael P. |
spellingShingle |
Witter, Leslie A. Johnson, Chris J. Croft, Bruno Gunn, Anne Gillingham, Michael P. Behavioural trade‐offs in response to external stimuli: time allocation of an Arctic ungulate during varying intensities of harassment by parasitic flies |
author_facet |
Witter, Leslie A. Johnson, Chris J. Croft, Bruno Gunn, Anne Gillingham, Michael P. |
author_sort |
Witter, Leslie A. |
title |
Behavioural trade‐offs in response to external stimuli: time allocation of an Arctic ungulate during varying intensities of harassment by parasitic flies |
title_short |
Behavioural trade‐offs in response to external stimuli: time allocation of an Arctic ungulate during varying intensities of harassment by parasitic flies |
title_full |
Behavioural trade‐offs in response to external stimuli: time allocation of an Arctic ungulate during varying intensities of harassment by parasitic flies |
title_fullStr |
Behavioural trade‐offs in response to external stimuli: time allocation of an Arctic ungulate during varying intensities of harassment by parasitic flies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Behavioural trade‐offs in response to external stimuli: time allocation of an Arctic ungulate during varying intensities of harassment by parasitic flies |
title_sort |
behavioural trade‐offs in response to external stimuli: time allocation of an arctic ungulate during varying intensities of harassment by parasitic flies |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01905.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2656.2011.01905.x https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01905.x |
geographic |
Arctic Canada Northwest Territories Nunavut |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada Northwest Territories Nunavut |
genre |
Arctic caribou Northwest Territories Nunavut Rangifer tarandus Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic caribou Northwest Territories Nunavut Rangifer tarandus Tundra |
op_source |
Journal of Animal Ecology volume 81, issue 1, page 284-295 ISSN 0021-8790 1365-2656 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01905.x |
container_title |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
container_volume |
81 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
284 |
op_container_end_page |
295 |
_version_ |
1800747146952048640 |