Deep‐diving foraging behaviour of sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus)
Summary Digital tags were used to describe diving and vocal behaviour of sperm whales during 198 complete and partial foraging dives made by 37 individual sperm whales in the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Ligurian Sea. The maximum depth of dive averaged by individual differed across the...
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crwiley:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01101.x 2024-09-30T14:41:24+00:00 Deep‐diving foraging behaviour of sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus) WATWOOD, STEPHANIE L. MILLER, PATRICK J. O. JOHNSON, MARK MADSEN, PETER T. TYACK, PETER L. 2006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01101.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2656.2006.01101.x https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01101.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Animal Ecology volume 75, issue 3, page 814-825 ISSN 0021-8790 1365-2656 journal-article 2006 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01101.x 2024-09-05T05:05:56Z Summary Digital tags were used to describe diving and vocal behaviour of sperm whales during 198 complete and partial foraging dives made by 37 individual sperm whales in the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Ligurian Sea. The maximum depth of dive averaged by individual differed across the three regions and was 985 m (SD = 124·3), 644 m (123·4) and 827 m (60·3), respectively. An average dive cycle consisted of a 45 min (6·3) dive with a 9 min (3·0) surface interval, with no significant differences among regions. On average, whales spent greater than 72% of their time in foraging dive cycles. Whales produced regular clicks for 81% (4·1) of a dive and 64% (14·6) of the descent phase. The occurrence of buzz vocalizations (also called ‘creaks’) as an indicator of the foraging phase of a dive showed no difference in mean prey capture attempts per dive between regions [18 buzzes/dive (7·6)]. Sperm whales descended a mean of 392 m (144) from the start of regular clicking to the first buzz, which supports the hypothesis that regular clicks function as a long‐range biosonar. There were no significant differences in the duration of the foraging phase [28 min (6·0)] or percentage of the dive duration in the foraging phase [62% (7·3)] between the three regions, with an overall average proportion of time spent actively encountering prey during dive cycles of 0·53 (0·05). Whales maintained their time in the foraging phase by decreasing transit time for deeper foraging dives. Similarity in foraging behaviour in the three regions and high diving efficiencies suggest that the success of sperm whales as mesopelagic predators is due in part to long‐range echolocation of deep prey patches, efficient locomotion and a large aerobic capacity during diving. Article in Journal/Newspaper Physeter macrocephalus Wiley Online Library Journal of Animal Ecology 75 3 814 825 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Summary Digital tags were used to describe diving and vocal behaviour of sperm whales during 198 complete and partial foraging dives made by 37 individual sperm whales in the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Ligurian Sea. The maximum depth of dive averaged by individual differed across the three regions and was 985 m (SD = 124·3), 644 m (123·4) and 827 m (60·3), respectively. An average dive cycle consisted of a 45 min (6·3) dive with a 9 min (3·0) surface interval, with no significant differences among regions. On average, whales spent greater than 72% of their time in foraging dive cycles. Whales produced regular clicks for 81% (4·1) of a dive and 64% (14·6) of the descent phase. The occurrence of buzz vocalizations (also called ‘creaks’) as an indicator of the foraging phase of a dive showed no difference in mean prey capture attempts per dive between regions [18 buzzes/dive (7·6)]. Sperm whales descended a mean of 392 m (144) from the start of regular clicking to the first buzz, which supports the hypothesis that regular clicks function as a long‐range biosonar. There were no significant differences in the duration of the foraging phase [28 min (6·0)] or percentage of the dive duration in the foraging phase [62% (7·3)] between the three regions, with an overall average proportion of time spent actively encountering prey during dive cycles of 0·53 (0·05). Whales maintained their time in the foraging phase by decreasing transit time for deeper foraging dives. Similarity in foraging behaviour in the three regions and high diving efficiencies suggest that the success of sperm whales as mesopelagic predators is due in part to long‐range echolocation of deep prey patches, efficient locomotion and a large aerobic capacity during diving. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
WATWOOD, STEPHANIE L. MILLER, PATRICK J. O. JOHNSON, MARK MADSEN, PETER T. TYACK, PETER L. |
spellingShingle |
WATWOOD, STEPHANIE L. MILLER, PATRICK J. O. JOHNSON, MARK MADSEN, PETER T. TYACK, PETER L. Deep‐diving foraging behaviour of sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus) |
author_facet |
WATWOOD, STEPHANIE L. MILLER, PATRICK J. O. JOHNSON, MARK MADSEN, PETER T. TYACK, PETER L. |
author_sort |
WATWOOD, STEPHANIE L. |
title |
Deep‐diving foraging behaviour of sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus) |
title_short |
Deep‐diving foraging behaviour of sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus) |
title_full |
Deep‐diving foraging behaviour of sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus) |
title_fullStr |
Deep‐diving foraging behaviour of sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Deep‐diving foraging behaviour of sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus) |
title_sort |
deep‐diving foraging behaviour of sperm whales ( physeter macrocephalus) |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01101.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2656.2006.01101.x https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01101.x |
genre |
Physeter macrocephalus |
genre_facet |
Physeter macrocephalus |
op_source |
Journal of Animal Ecology volume 75, issue 3, page 814-825 ISSN 0021-8790 1365-2656 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01101.x |
container_title |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
container_volume |
75 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
814 |
op_container_end_page |
825 |
_version_ |
1811643791002566656 |