Winter behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in experimental stream channels: effect of substratum size and full ice cover on spatial distribution and activity pattern
Activity and choice of areas offering different cover (substratum or surface ice) for juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were studied in experimental stream channels during winter. Channels were completely ice covered between December and March. During this period, the ice thickness increased from...
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crwiley:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01857.x 2024-06-23T07:51:11+00:00 Winter behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in experimental stream channels: effect of substratum size and full ice cover on spatial distribution and activity pattern Linnansaari, T. Cunjak, R. A. Newbury, R. 2008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01857.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8649.2008.01857.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01857.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Fish Biology volume 72, issue 10, page 2518-2533 ISSN 0022-1112 1095-8649 journal-article 2008 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01857.x 2024-06-06T04:19:39Z Activity and choice of areas offering different cover (substratum or surface ice) for juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were studied in experimental stream channels during winter. Channels were completely ice covered between December and March. During this period, the ice thickness increased from 50 to 300 mm after which 50% of the ice was experimentally removed and followed by c. 2·5‐fold increase in discharge to simulate the effects of spring flood. Large substrata provided preferred habitats but areas with small substratum sizes were also used when full surface ice provided above‐stream cover and the stream discharge was relatively low. The fish remained nocturnal throughout the study but the level of day activity significantly increased as the surface ice became thicker. Maximum movement distance during a 24 h period and homing‐at‐dawn behaviour remained at a constant level throughout the main winter, but significantly changed during the simulated spring flood (mean ± s . e . maximum extent of movements within 24 h increased from 1·1 ± 0·1 to 3·0 ± 0·5 m; homing behaviour decreased from the highest level of 89·3 to 34·6% during spring flood). Overwinter survival was high (92·9%). Relative mass increase during the study ranged from –8·3 to 28·5%, and 84% of the juvenile Atlantic salmon gained mass. The highest rates of mass increase were associated with frequent movements between areas of different substratum size. The results indicate that during winter: (1) Atlantic salmon parr preferred large substratum cover compared with surface ice cover at the fish densities studied here, (2) juvenile Atlantic salmon were predominantly nocturnal but diurnal activity increased as surface ice became thicker and (3) increase in water discharge during spring altered the behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon and may have caused additional habitat shifts. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Wiley Online Library Journal of Fish Biology 72 10 2518 2533 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
description |
Activity and choice of areas offering different cover (substratum or surface ice) for juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were studied in experimental stream channels during winter. Channels were completely ice covered between December and March. During this period, the ice thickness increased from 50 to 300 mm after which 50% of the ice was experimentally removed and followed by c. 2·5‐fold increase in discharge to simulate the effects of spring flood. Large substrata provided preferred habitats but areas with small substratum sizes were also used when full surface ice provided above‐stream cover and the stream discharge was relatively low. The fish remained nocturnal throughout the study but the level of day activity significantly increased as the surface ice became thicker. Maximum movement distance during a 24 h period and homing‐at‐dawn behaviour remained at a constant level throughout the main winter, but significantly changed during the simulated spring flood (mean ± s . e . maximum extent of movements within 24 h increased from 1·1 ± 0·1 to 3·0 ± 0·5 m; homing behaviour decreased from the highest level of 89·3 to 34·6% during spring flood). Overwinter survival was high (92·9%). Relative mass increase during the study ranged from –8·3 to 28·5%, and 84% of the juvenile Atlantic salmon gained mass. The highest rates of mass increase were associated with frequent movements between areas of different substratum size. The results indicate that during winter: (1) Atlantic salmon parr preferred large substratum cover compared with surface ice cover at the fish densities studied here, (2) juvenile Atlantic salmon were predominantly nocturnal but diurnal activity increased as surface ice became thicker and (3) increase in water discharge during spring altered the behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon and may have caused additional habitat shifts. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Linnansaari, T. Cunjak, R. A. Newbury, R. |
spellingShingle |
Linnansaari, T. Cunjak, R. A. Newbury, R. Winter behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in experimental stream channels: effect of substratum size and full ice cover on spatial distribution and activity pattern |
author_facet |
Linnansaari, T. Cunjak, R. A. Newbury, R. |
author_sort |
Linnansaari, T. |
title |
Winter behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in experimental stream channels: effect of substratum size and full ice cover on spatial distribution and activity pattern |
title_short |
Winter behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in experimental stream channels: effect of substratum size and full ice cover on spatial distribution and activity pattern |
title_full |
Winter behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in experimental stream channels: effect of substratum size and full ice cover on spatial distribution and activity pattern |
title_fullStr |
Winter behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in experimental stream channels: effect of substratum size and full ice cover on spatial distribution and activity pattern |
title_full_unstemmed |
Winter behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in experimental stream channels: effect of substratum size and full ice cover on spatial distribution and activity pattern |
title_sort |
winter behaviour of juvenile atlantic salmon salmo salar l. in experimental stream channels: effect of substratum size and full ice cover on spatial distribution and activity pattern |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01857.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8649.2008.01857.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01857.x |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Journal of Fish Biology volume 72, issue 10, page 2518-2533 ISSN 0022-1112 1095-8649 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01857.x |
container_title |
Journal of Fish Biology |
container_volume |
72 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
2518 |
op_container_end_page |
2533 |
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1802642206774788096 |