The biology, specificity and habitat of the species of Eubothrium (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea), with reference to their use as biological tags: a review

• Published in: Journal of Fish Biology
• Main Author: Kennedy, C. R.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 1978
• Subjects: Pacific; Salvelinus alpinus
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb04183.x; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8649.1978.tb04183.x; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb04183.x

The literature pertaining to the distribution, habitat, specificity, life cycles and population biology of all the species of Eubothrium is reviewed. Records in which scolex morphology is used to identify species cannot be used as this character is too variable to be of value in specific recognition. Study of the valid records suggests that E. crassum comprises three races. There is a freshwater race, whose preferred host is non‐migratory Salmo trutta fario , but which also infects parr, smolts and landlocked adult S. salar and parr of migratory S. trutta trutta. Its distribution is confined to Europe and Eurasia and is co‐extensive with that of S. trutta: it does not occur in N. America or E. Asia. It may be carried to sea in migratory salmonids, where it dies out in S. salar but may survive in S. trutta. Its life cycle only takes place in fresh water, and requires a copepod as the only intermediate host. Other fish species may serve as paratenic or accidental hosts. The preferred host of the marine Atlantic race of E. crassum is S. salar , but S. trutta is also infected. Its distribution is co‐extensive with that of S. salar on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. It may be carried into fresh water by both hosts, when its numbers decline in S. salar but not in S. trutta. The life cycle is unknown, but infection probably takes place in marine coastal waters. The preferred hosts of the marine Pacific race are all species of Oncorhynchus , with which its distribttion is co‐extensive on both sides of the Pacific Ocean. It may also be carried into fresh water, and its life cycle is also unknown. E. salvelini comprises two races. The European freshwater race is specific to Salvelinus alpinus , and does not infect Salmo spp. Its life cycle takes place in fresh water and involves only one intermediate host, a copepod. It may be carried to sea in migratory fish, and survive to return to fresh water. The American race, found throughout North America and East Asia, infects species of Salmo, Salvelinus, Oncorhynchus, ...