Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones
Summary Planktonic organisms are exposed to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Pigmentation offers protection but at the same time increases visibility, and therefore vulnerability, to visually orienting predators such as fish. As an adaptation against fish predation, zooplankton should be transpar...
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crwiley:10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00870.x 2024-09-15T18:41:08+00:00 Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones TOLLRIAN, R. HEIBL, C. 2004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00870.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.0269-8463.2004.00870.x https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00870.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Functional Ecology volume 18, issue 4, page 497-502 ISSN 0269-8463 1365-2435 journal-article 2004 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00870.x 2024-06-27T04:22:28Z Summary Planktonic organisms are exposed to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Pigmentation offers protection but at the same time increases visibility, and therefore vulnerability, to visually orienting predators such as fish. As an adaptation against fish predation, zooplankton should be transparent, though this would leave them less protected against UV radiation. Thus both adaptations would appear to be mutually exclusive. However, phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation could allow flexible adaptation to both environmental situations. We tested the hypothesis that Daphnia should be able to change their level of pigmentation in response to fish kairomone and/or UV radiation using four species of Daphnia . Daphnia hyalina Leydig increased pigmentation under UV radiation and D. pulex Leydig reduced pigmentation in the fish kairomone treatment. Both species live in habitats with variable UV and fish impact. Daphnia cucullata Sars and D. middendorffiana Fischer showed no reaction, probably because of their extreme adaptations: D. middendorffiana is strongly pigmented and seems to be adapted to high UV‐B impact and an absence of fish in its arctic habitat. In contrast, D. cucullata has evolved in coexistence with fish. It can afford being nearly transparent because it lives in eutrophic lakes where UV‐B is not relevant. Our data on four species suggest that plasticity in pigmentation might be common in Daphnia adapted to environments with contrasting or variable selection pressures. Article in Journal/Newspaper Zooplankton Wiley Online Library Functional Ecology 18 4 497 502 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
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English |
description |
Summary Planktonic organisms are exposed to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Pigmentation offers protection but at the same time increases visibility, and therefore vulnerability, to visually orienting predators such as fish. As an adaptation against fish predation, zooplankton should be transparent, though this would leave them less protected against UV radiation. Thus both adaptations would appear to be mutually exclusive. However, phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation could allow flexible adaptation to both environmental situations. We tested the hypothesis that Daphnia should be able to change their level of pigmentation in response to fish kairomone and/or UV radiation using four species of Daphnia . Daphnia hyalina Leydig increased pigmentation under UV radiation and D. pulex Leydig reduced pigmentation in the fish kairomone treatment. Both species live in habitats with variable UV and fish impact. Daphnia cucullata Sars and D. middendorffiana Fischer showed no reaction, probably because of their extreme adaptations: D. middendorffiana is strongly pigmented and seems to be adapted to high UV‐B impact and an absence of fish in its arctic habitat. In contrast, D. cucullata has evolved in coexistence with fish. It can afford being nearly transparent because it lives in eutrophic lakes where UV‐B is not relevant. Our data on four species suggest that plasticity in pigmentation might be common in Daphnia adapted to environments with contrasting or variable selection pressures. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
TOLLRIAN, R. HEIBL, C. |
spellingShingle |
TOLLRIAN, R. HEIBL, C. Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones |
author_facet |
TOLLRIAN, R. HEIBL, C. |
author_sort |
TOLLRIAN, R. |
title |
Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones |
title_short |
Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones |
title_full |
Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones |
title_fullStr |
Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in Daphnia induced by UV radiation and fish kairomones |
title_sort |
phenotypic plasticity in pigmentation in daphnia induced by uv radiation and fish kairomones |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00870.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.0269-8463.2004.00870.x https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00870.x |
genre |
Zooplankton |
genre_facet |
Zooplankton |
op_source |
Functional Ecology volume 18, issue 4, page 497-502 ISSN 0269-8463 1365-2435 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00870.x |
container_title |
Functional Ecology |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
497 |
op_container_end_page |
502 |
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1810485558789537792 |