EXCYSTMENT AND GROWTH OF CHRYSOPHYTES AND DINOFLAGELLATES AT LOW TEMPERATURES AND HIGH SALINITIES IN ANTARCTIC SEA‐ICE 1
ABSTRACT Extreme environmental conditions have been thought to limit algal growth in the upper sea‐ice. In McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, chrysophyte statocysts (stomatocysts) and dinoflagellate hypnozygotes (resting cysts) overwinter in first‐ and second‐year land‐fast sea‐ice exposed to temperatures o...
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crwiley:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00585.x 2024-09-30T14:26:50+00:00 EXCYSTMENT AND GROWTH OF CHRYSOPHYTES AND DINOFLAGELLATES AT LOW TEMPERATURES AND HIGH SALINITIES IN ANTARCTIC SEA‐ICE 1 Stoecker, Diane K. Gustafson, Daniel E. Merrell, Jeffrey R. Black, Megan M. D. Baier, Christine T. 1997 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00585.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3646.1997.00585.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00585.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Phycology volume 33, issue 4, page 585-595 ISSN 0022-3646 1529-8817 journal-article 1997 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00585.x 2024-09-03T04:25:33Z ABSTRACT Extreme environmental conditions have been thought to limit algal growth in the upper sea‐ice. In McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, chrysophyte statocysts (stomatocysts) and dinoflagellate hypnozygotes (resting cysts) overwinter in first‐ and second‐year land‐fast sea‐ice exposed to temperatures of ‐20° C or lower. In early November, when temperatures in the upper ice are < −8°C and brine salinities are >126 psu, dinoflagellate cysts activate and shortly thereafter excyst. During early November, chrysophyte statocysts also begin to excyst. Net daily primary production occurs in the sea‐ice brine at temperatures as low as −7.1° C, at brine salinities as high as 129 psu, and at average photon flux densities as low as 5 μmol photons.m −2 .s −1 . Dinoflagellate densities were >10 6 vegetative cells.L −1 of ice while temperatures in the upper ice were between −6.8 and −5.8° C and brine salinities were ∼100 psu. Chrysophyte densities reached >10 6 .L −1 of ice by early December. High densities of physiologically active clyo‐ and halotolerant algae can occur in the upper land‐fast sea‐ice under extreme conditions of temperature and salinity. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica McMurdo Sound Sea ice Wiley Online Library Antarctic McMurdo Sound Journal of Phycology 33 4 585 595 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
ABSTRACT Extreme environmental conditions have been thought to limit algal growth in the upper sea‐ice. In McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, chrysophyte statocysts (stomatocysts) and dinoflagellate hypnozygotes (resting cysts) overwinter in first‐ and second‐year land‐fast sea‐ice exposed to temperatures of ‐20° C or lower. In early November, when temperatures in the upper ice are < −8°C and brine salinities are >126 psu, dinoflagellate cysts activate and shortly thereafter excyst. During early November, chrysophyte statocysts also begin to excyst. Net daily primary production occurs in the sea‐ice brine at temperatures as low as −7.1° C, at brine salinities as high as 129 psu, and at average photon flux densities as low as 5 μmol photons.m −2 .s −1 . Dinoflagellate densities were >10 6 vegetative cells.L −1 of ice while temperatures in the upper ice were between −6.8 and −5.8° C and brine salinities were ∼100 psu. Chrysophyte densities reached >10 6 .L −1 of ice by early December. High densities of physiologically active clyo‐ and halotolerant algae can occur in the upper land‐fast sea‐ice under extreme conditions of temperature and salinity. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Stoecker, Diane K. Gustafson, Daniel E. Merrell, Jeffrey R. Black, Megan M. D. Baier, Christine T. |
spellingShingle |
Stoecker, Diane K. Gustafson, Daniel E. Merrell, Jeffrey R. Black, Megan M. D. Baier, Christine T. EXCYSTMENT AND GROWTH OF CHRYSOPHYTES AND DINOFLAGELLATES AT LOW TEMPERATURES AND HIGH SALINITIES IN ANTARCTIC SEA‐ICE 1 |
author_facet |
Stoecker, Diane K. Gustafson, Daniel E. Merrell, Jeffrey R. Black, Megan M. D. Baier, Christine T. |
author_sort |
Stoecker, Diane K. |
title |
EXCYSTMENT AND GROWTH OF CHRYSOPHYTES AND DINOFLAGELLATES AT LOW TEMPERATURES AND HIGH SALINITIES IN ANTARCTIC SEA‐ICE 1 |
title_short |
EXCYSTMENT AND GROWTH OF CHRYSOPHYTES AND DINOFLAGELLATES AT LOW TEMPERATURES AND HIGH SALINITIES IN ANTARCTIC SEA‐ICE 1 |
title_full |
EXCYSTMENT AND GROWTH OF CHRYSOPHYTES AND DINOFLAGELLATES AT LOW TEMPERATURES AND HIGH SALINITIES IN ANTARCTIC SEA‐ICE 1 |
title_fullStr |
EXCYSTMENT AND GROWTH OF CHRYSOPHYTES AND DINOFLAGELLATES AT LOW TEMPERATURES AND HIGH SALINITIES IN ANTARCTIC SEA‐ICE 1 |
title_full_unstemmed |
EXCYSTMENT AND GROWTH OF CHRYSOPHYTES AND DINOFLAGELLATES AT LOW TEMPERATURES AND HIGH SALINITIES IN ANTARCTIC SEA‐ICE 1 |
title_sort |
excystment and growth of chrysophytes and dinoflagellates at low temperatures and high salinities in antarctic sea‐ice 1 |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
1997 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00585.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3646.1997.00585.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00585.x |
geographic |
Antarctic McMurdo Sound |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic McMurdo Sound |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica McMurdo Sound Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica McMurdo Sound Sea ice |
op_source |
Journal of Phycology volume 33, issue 4, page 585-595 ISSN 0022-3646 1529-8817 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00585.x |
container_title |
Journal of Phycology |
container_volume |
33 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
585 |
op_container_end_page |
595 |
_version_ |
1811632946320244736 |