Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter
Abstract How the abundant pelagic life of the Southern Ocean survives winter darkness, when the sea is covered by pack ice and phytoplankton production is nearly zero, is poorly understood. Ice‐associated (“sympagic”) microalgae could serve as a high‐quality carbon source during winter, but their si...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14392 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fgcb.14392 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.14392 |
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crwiley:10.1111/gcb.14392 2024-04-21T07:51:31+00:00 Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter Kohlbach, Doreen Graeve, Martin Lange, Benjamin A. David, Carmen Schaafsma, Fokje L. van Franeker, Jan Andries Vortkamp, Martina Brandt, Angelika Flores, Hauke Ministerie van Economische Zaken 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14392 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fgcb.14392 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.14392 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Change Biology volume 24, issue 10, page 4667-4681 ISSN 1354-1013 1365-2486 General Environmental Science Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change journal-article 2018 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14392 2024-03-26T09:17:16Z Abstract How the abundant pelagic life of the Southern Ocean survives winter darkness, when the sea is covered by pack ice and phytoplankton production is nearly zero, is poorly understood. Ice‐associated (“sympagic”) microalgae could serve as a high‐quality carbon source during winter, but their significance in the food web is so far unquantified. To better understand the importance of ice algae‐produced carbon for the overwintering of Antarctic organisms, we investigated fatty acid (FA) and stable isotope compositions of 10 zooplankton species, and their potential sympagic and pelagic carbon sources. FA‐specific carbon stable isotope compositions were used in stable isotope mixing models to quantify the contribution of ice algae‐produced carbon ( α Ice ) to the body carbon of each species. Mean α Ice estimates ranged from 4% to 67%, with large variations between species and depending on the FA used for the modelling. Integrating the α Ice estimates from all models, the sympagic amphipod Eusirus laticarpus was the most dependent on ice algal carbon ( α Ice : 54%–67%), and the salp Salpa thompsoni showed the least dependency on ice algal carbon ( α Ice : 8%–40%). Differences in α Ice estimates between FAs associated with short‐term vs. long‐term lipid pools suggested an increasing importance of ice algal carbon for many species as the winter season progressed. In the abundant winter‐active copepod Calanus propinquus, mean α Ice reached more than 50% in late winter. The trophic carbon flux from ice algae into this copepod was between 3 and 5 mg C m −2 day −1 . This indicates that copepods and other ice‐dependent zooplankton species transfer significant amounts of carbon from ice algae into the pelagic system, where it fuels the food web, the biological carbon pump and elemental cycling. Understanding the role of ice algae‐produced carbon in these processes will be the key to predictions of the impact of future sea ice decline on Antarctic ecosystem functioning. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean Copepods Wiley Online Library Global Change Biology 24 10 4667 4681 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
topic |
General Environmental Science Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change |
spellingShingle |
General Environmental Science Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change Kohlbach, Doreen Graeve, Martin Lange, Benjamin A. David, Carmen Schaafsma, Fokje L. van Franeker, Jan Andries Vortkamp, Martina Brandt, Angelika Flores, Hauke Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
topic_facet |
General Environmental Science Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change |
description |
Abstract How the abundant pelagic life of the Southern Ocean survives winter darkness, when the sea is covered by pack ice and phytoplankton production is nearly zero, is poorly understood. Ice‐associated (“sympagic”) microalgae could serve as a high‐quality carbon source during winter, but their significance in the food web is so far unquantified. To better understand the importance of ice algae‐produced carbon for the overwintering of Antarctic organisms, we investigated fatty acid (FA) and stable isotope compositions of 10 zooplankton species, and their potential sympagic and pelagic carbon sources. FA‐specific carbon stable isotope compositions were used in stable isotope mixing models to quantify the contribution of ice algae‐produced carbon ( α Ice ) to the body carbon of each species. Mean α Ice estimates ranged from 4% to 67%, with large variations between species and depending on the FA used for the modelling. Integrating the α Ice estimates from all models, the sympagic amphipod Eusirus laticarpus was the most dependent on ice algal carbon ( α Ice : 54%–67%), and the salp Salpa thompsoni showed the least dependency on ice algal carbon ( α Ice : 8%–40%). Differences in α Ice estimates between FAs associated with short‐term vs. long‐term lipid pools suggested an increasing importance of ice algal carbon for many species as the winter season progressed. In the abundant winter‐active copepod Calanus propinquus, mean α Ice reached more than 50% in late winter. The trophic carbon flux from ice algae into this copepod was between 3 and 5 mg C m −2 day −1 . This indicates that copepods and other ice‐dependent zooplankton species transfer significant amounts of carbon from ice algae into the pelagic system, where it fuels the food web, the biological carbon pump and elemental cycling. Understanding the role of ice algae‐produced carbon in these processes will be the key to predictions of the impact of future sea ice decline on Antarctic ecosystem functioning. |
author2 |
Ministerie van Economische Zaken |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kohlbach, Doreen Graeve, Martin Lange, Benjamin A. David, Carmen Schaafsma, Fokje L. van Franeker, Jan Andries Vortkamp, Martina Brandt, Angelika Flores, Hauke |
author_facet |
Kohlbach, Doreen Graeve, Martin Lange, Benjamin A. David, Carmen Schaafsma, Fokje L. van Franeker, Jan Andries Vortkamp, Martina Brandt, Angelika Flores, Hauke |
author_sort |
Kohlbach, Doreen |
title |
Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
title_short |
Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
title_full |
Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
title_fullStr |
Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
title_sort |
dependency of antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14392 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fgcb.14392 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.14392 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean Copepods |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean Copepods |
op_source |
Global Change Biology volume 24, issue 10, page 4667-4681 ISSN 1354-1013 1365-2486 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14392 |
container_title |
Global Change Biology |
container_volume |
24 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
4667 |
op_container_end_page |
4681 |
_version_ |
1796934871996694528 |