Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years
Abstract Shifts in global climate resonate in plankton dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, and marine food webs. We studied these linkages in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre ( NASG ), which hosts extensive phytoplankton blooms. We show that phytoplankton abundance increased since the 1960s in parallel...
Published in: | Global Change Biology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , |
Other Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2015
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13100 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fgcb.13100 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.13100 |
id |
crwiley:10.1111/gcb.13100 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crwiley:10.1111/gcb.13100 2024-03-24T09:03:41+00:00 Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years Martinez, Elodie Raitsos, Dionysios E. Antoine, David National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration European Space Agency 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13100 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fgcb.13100 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.13100 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Global Change Biology volume 22, issue 2, page 604-612 ISSN 1354-1013 1365-2486 General Environmental Science Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change journal-article 2015 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13100 2024-02-28T02:16:34Z Abstract Shifts in global climate resonate in plankton dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, and marine food webs. We studied these linkages in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre ( NASG ), which hosts extensive phytoplankton blooms. We show that phytoplankton abundance increased since the 1960s in parallel to a deepening of the mixed layer and a strengthening of winds and heat losses from the ocean, as driven by the low frequency of the North Atlantic Oscillation ( NAO ). In parallel to these bottom‐up processes, the top‐down control of phytoplankton by copepods decreased over the same time period in the western NASG , following sea surface temperature changes typical of the Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation ( AMO ). While previous studies have hypothesized that climate‐driven warming would facilitate seasonal stratification of surface waters and long‐term phytoplankton increase in subpolar regions, here we show that deeper mixed layers in the NASG can be warmer and host a higher phytoplankton biomass. These results emphasize that different modes of climate variability regulate bottom‐up ( NAO control) and top‐down ( AMO control) forcing on phytoplankton at decadal timescales. As a consequence, different relationships between phytoplankton, zooplankton, and their physical environment appear subject to the disparate temporal scale of the observations (seasonal, interannual, or decadal). The prediction of phytoplankton response to climate change should be built upon what is learnt from observations at the longest timescales. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Copepods Wiley Online Library Global Change Biology 22 2 604 612 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
topic |
General Environmental Science Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change |
spellingShingle |
General Environmental Science Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change Martinez, Elodie Raitsos, Dionysios E. Antoine, David Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
topic_facet |
General Environmental Science Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change |
description |
Abstract Shifts in global climate resonate in plankton dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, and marine food webs. We studied these linkages in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre ( NASG ), which hosts extensive phytoplankton blooms. We show that phytoplankton abundance increased since the 1960s in parallel to a deepening of the mixed layer and a strengthening of winds and heat losses from the ocean, as driven by the low frequency of the North Atlantic Oscillation ( NAO ). In parallel to these bottom‐up processes, the top‐down control of phytoplankton by copepods decreased over the same time period in the western NASG , following sea surface temperature changes typical of the Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation ( AMO ). While previous studies have hypothesized that climate‐driven warming would facilitate seasonal stratification of surface waters and long‐term phytoplankton increase in subpolar regions, here we show that deeper mixed layers in the NASG can be warmer and host a higher phytoplankton biomass. These results emphasize that different modes of climate variability regulate bottom‐up ( NAO control) and top‐down ( AMO control) forcing on phytoplankton at decadal timescales. As a consequence, different relationships between phytoplankton, zooplankton, and their physical environment appear subject to the disparate temporal scale of the observations (seasonal, interannual, or decadal). The prediction of phytoplankton response to climate change should be built upon what is learnt from observations at the longest timescales. |
author2 |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration European Space Agency |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Martinez, Elodie Raitsos, Dionysios E. Antoine, David |
author_facet |
Martinez, Elodie Raitsos, Dionysios E. Antoine, David |
author_sort |
Martinez, Elodie |
title |
Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
title_short |
Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
title_full |
Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
title_fullStr |
Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
title_full_unstemmed |
Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
title_sort |
warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the north atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13100 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fgcb.13100 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.13100 |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Copepods |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Copepods |
op_source |
Global Change Biology volume 22, issue 2, page 604-612 ISSN 1354-1013 1365-2486 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13100 |
container_title |
Global Change Biology |
container_volume |
22 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
604 |
op_container_end_page |
612 |
_version_ |
1794404620405047296 |