Complex carbon cycle responses to multi‐level warming and supplemental summer rain in the high Arctic
Abstract The Arctic has experienced rapid warming and, although there are uncertainties, increases in precipitation are projected to accompany future warming. Climate changes are expected to affect magnitudes of gross ecosystem photosynthesis ( GEP ), ecosystem respiration ( ER ) and the net ecosyst...
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crwiley:10.1111/gcb.12149 2024-06-02T08:02:05+00:00 Complex carbon cycle responses to multi‐level warming and supplemental summer rain in the high Arctic Sharp, Elizabeth D. Sullivan, Patrick F. Steltzer, Heidi Csank, Adam Z. Welker, Jeffrey M. 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12149 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fgcb.12149 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.12149 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Global Change Biology volume 19, issue 6, page 1780-1792 ISSN 1354-1013 1365-2486 journal-article 2013 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12149 2024-05-03T10:49:56Z Abstract The Arctic has experienced rapid warming and, although there are uncertainties, increases in precipitation are projected to accompany future warming. Climate changes are expected to affect magnitudes of gross ecosystem photosynthesis ( GEP ), ecosystem respiration ( ER ) and the net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 ( NEE ). Furthermore, ecosystem responses to climate change are likely to be characterized by nonlinearities, thresholds and interactions among system components and the driving variables. These complex interactions increase the difficulty of predicting responses to climate change and necessitate the use of manipulative experiments. In 2003, we established a long‐term, multi‐level and multi‐factor climate change experiment in a polar semidesert in northwest G reenland. Two levels of heating (30 and 60 W m −2 ) were applied and the higher level was combined with supplemental summer rain. We made plot‐level measurements of CO 2 exchange, plant community composition, foliar nitrogen concentrations, leaf δ 13 C and NDVI to examine responses to our treatments at ecosystem‐ and leaf‐levels. We confronted simple models of GEP and ER with our data to test hypotheses regarding key drivers of CO 2 exchange and to estimate growing season CO 2 ‐C budgets. Low‐level warming increased the magnitude of the ecosystem C sink. Meanwhile, high‐level warming made the ecosystem a source of C to the atmosphere. When high‐level warming was combined with increased summer rain, the ecosystem became a C sink of magnitude similar to that observed under low‐level warming. Competition among our ER models revealed the importance of soil moisture as a driving variable, likely through its effects on microbial activity and nutrient cycling. Measurements of community composition and proxies for leaf‐level physiology suggest GEP responses largely reflect changes in leaf area of S alix arctica , rather than changes in leaf‐level physiology. Our findings indicate that the sign and magnitude of the future High A rctic C budget may ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Wiley Online Library Arctic Global Change Biology 19 6 1780 1792 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract The Arctic has experienced rapid warming and, although there are uncertainties, increases in precipitation are projected to accompany future warming. Climate changes are expected to affect magnitudes of gross ecosystem photosynthesis ( GEP ), ecosystem respiration ( ER ) and the net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 ( NEE ). Furthermore, ecosystem responses to climate change are likely to be characterized by nonlinearities, thresholds and interactions among system components and the driving variables. These complex interactions increase the difficulty of predicting responses to climate change and necessitate the use of manipulative experiments. In 2003, we established a long‐term, multi‐level and multi‐factor climate change experiment in a polar semidesert in northwest G reenland. Two levels of heating (30 and 60 W m −2 ) were applied and the higher level was combined with supplemental summer rain. We made plot‐level measurements of CO 2 exchange, plant community composition, foliar nitrogen concentrations, leaf δ 13 C and NDVI to examine responses to our treatments at ecosystem‐ and leaf‐levels. We confronted simple models of GEP and ER with our data to test hypotheses regarding key drivers of CO 2 exchange and to estimate growing season CO 2 ‐C budgets. Low‐level warming increased the magnitude of the ecosystem C sink. Meanwhile, high‐level warming made the ecosystem a source of C to the atmosphere. When high‐level warming was combined with increased summer rain, the ecosystem became a C sink of magnitude similar to that observed under low‐level warming. Competition among our ER models revealed the importance of soil moisture as a driving variable, likely through its effects on microbial activity and nutrient cycling. Measurements of community composition and proxies for leaf‐level physiology suggest GEP responses largely reflect changes in leaf area of S alix arctica , rather than changes in leaf‐level physiology. Our findings indicate that the sign and magnitude of the future High A rctic C budget may ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sharp, Elizabeth D. Sullivan, Patrick F. Steltzer, Heidi Csank, Adam Z. Welker, Jeffrey M. |
spellingShingle |
Sharp, Elizabeth D. Sullivan, Patrick F. Steltzer, Heidi Csank, Adam Z. Welker, Jeffrey M. Complex carbon cycle responses to multi‐level warming and supplemental summer rain in the high Arctic |
author_facet |
Sharp, Elizabeth D. Sullivan, Patrick F. Steltzer, Heidi Csank, Adam Z. Welker, Jeffrey M. |
author_sort |
Sharp, Elizabeth D. |
title |
Complex carbon cycle responses to multi‐level warming and supplemental summer rain in the high Arctic |
title_short |
Complex carbon cycle responses to multi‐level warming and supplemental summer rain in the high Arctic |
title_full |
Complex carbon cycle responses to multi‐level warming and supplemental summer rain in the high Arctic |
title_fullStr |
Complex carbon cycle responses to multi‐level warming and supplemental summer rain in the high Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Complex carbon cycle responses to multi‐level warming and supplemental summer rain in the high Arctic |
title_sort |
complex carbon cycle responses to multi‐level warming and supplemental summer rain in the high arctic |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12149 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fgcb.12149 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.12149 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Climate change |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change |
op_source |
Global Change Biology volume 19, issue 6, page 1780-1792 ISSN 1354-1013 1365-2486 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12149 |
container_title |
Global Change Biology |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1780 |
op_container_end_page |
1792 |
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1800746582559162368 |