Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod
Abstract Stochastic environments shape life‐history traits and can promote selection for risk‐spreading strategies, such as bet‐hedging. Although the strategy has often been hypothesized to exist for various species, empirical tests providing firm evidence have been rare, mainly due to the challenge...
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crwiley:10.1111/eva.13251 2024-09-15T17:55:27+00:00 Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod Hočevar, Sara Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Kuparinen, Anna Academy of Finland Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada H2020 European Research Council 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.13251 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eva.13251 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/eva.13251 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Evolutionary Applications volume 14, issue 8, page 1980-1992 ISSN 1752-4571 1752-4571 journal-article 2021 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13251 2024-08-13T04:12:40Z Abstract Stochastic environments shape life‐history traits and can promote selection for risk‐spreading strategies, such as bet‐hedging. Although the strategy has often been hypothesized to exist for various species, empirical tests providing firm evidence have been rare, mainly due to the challenge in tracking fitness across generations. Here, we take a ‘proof of principle’ approach to explore whether the reproductive strategy of multiple‐batch spawning constitutes a bet‐hedging. We used Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) as the study species and parameterized an eco‐evolutionary model, using empirical data on size‐related reproductive and survival traits. To evaluate the fitness benefits of multiple‐batch spawning (within a single breeding period), the mechanistic model separately simulated multiple‐batch and single‐batch spawning populations under temporally varying environments. We followed the arithmetic and geometric mean fitness associated with both strategies and quantified the mean changes in fitness under several environmental stochasticity levels. We found that, by spreading the environmental risk among batches, multiple‐batch spawning increases fitness under fluctuating environmental conditions. The multiple‐batch spawning trait is, thus, advantageous and acts as a bet‐hedging strategy when the environment is exceptionally unpredictable. Our research identifies an analytically flexible, stochastic, life‐history modelling approach to explore the fitness consequences of a risk‐spreading strategy and elucidates the importance of evolutionary applications to life‐history diversity. Article in Journal/Newspaper atlantic cod Gadus morhua Wiley Online Library Evolutionary Applications |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
description |
Abstract Stochastic environments shape life‐history traits and can promote selection for risk‐spreading strategies, such as bet‐hedging. Although the strategy has often been hypothesized to exist for various species, empirical tests providing firm evidence have been rare, mainly due to the challenge in tracking fitness across generations. Here, we take a ‘proof of principle’ approach to explore whether the reproductive strategy of multiple‐batch spawning constitutes a bet‐hedging. We used Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) as the study species and parameterized an eco‐evolutionary model, using empirical data on size‐related reproductive and survival traits. To evaluate the fitness benefits of multiple‐batch spawning (within a single breeding period), the mechanistic model separately simulated multiple‐batch and single‐batch spawning populations under temporally varying environments. We followed the arithmetic and geometric mean fitness associated with both strategies and quantified the mean changes in fitness under several environmental stochasticity levels. We found that, by spreading the environmental risk among batches, multiple‐batch spawning increases fitness under fluctuating environmental conditions. The multiple‐batch spawning trait is, thus, advantageous and acts as a bet‐hedging strategy when the environment is exceptionally unpredictable. Our research identifies an analytically flexible, stochastic, life‐history modelling approach to explore the fitness consequences of a risk‐spreading strategy and elucidates the importance of evolutionary applications to life‐history diversity. |
author2 |
Academy of Finland Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada H2020 European Research Council |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hočevar, Sara Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Kuparinen, Anna |
spellingShingle |
Hočevar, Sara Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Kuparinen, Anna Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod |
author_facet |
Hočevar, Sara Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Kuparinen, Anna |
author_sort |
Hočevar, Sara |
title |
Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod |
title_short |
Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod |
title_full |
Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod |
title_fullStr |
Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: An exploratory analysis of Atlantic cod |
title_sort |
multiple‐batch spawning as a bet‐hedging strategy in highly stochastic environments: an exploratory analysis of atlantic cod |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.13251 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eva.13251 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/eva.13251 |
genre |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
op_source |
Evolutionary Applications volume 14, issue 8, page 1980-1992 ISSN 1752-4571 1752-4571 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13251 |
container_title |
Evolutionary Applications |
_version_ |
1810431735085662208 |