An extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits
Abstract Interactions between domesticated escapees and wild conspecifics represent a threat to the genetic integrity and fitness of native populations. For Atlantic salmon, the recurrent presence of large numbers of domesticated escapees in the wild makes it necessary to better understand their imp...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12777 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Feva.12777 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eva.12777 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/eva.12777 |
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crwiley:10.1111/eva.12777 2024-06-23T07:51:22+00:00 An extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits Skaala, Øystein Besnier, Francois Borgstrøm, Reidar Barlaup, BjørnTorgeir Sørvik, Anne Grete Normann, Eirik Østebø, Britt Iren Hansen, Michael Møller Glover, Kevin Alan Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12777 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Feva.12777 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eva.12777 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/eva.12777 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Evolutionary Applications volume 12, issue 5, page 1001-1016 ISSN 1752-4571 1752-4571 journal-article 2019 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12777 2024-06-06T04:21:28Z Abstract Interactions between domesticated escapees and wild conspecifics represent a threat to the genetic integrity and fitness of native populations. For Atlantic salmon, the recurrent presence of large numbers of domesticated escapees in the wild makes it necessary to better understand their impacts on native populations. We planted 254,400 eggs from 75 families of domesticated, F1‐hybrid, and wild salmon in a river containing up‐ and downstream traps. Additionally, 41,630 hatchery smolts of the same pedigrees were released into the river. Over 8 years, 6,669 out‐migrating smolts and 356 returning adults were recaptured and identified to their families of origin with DNA. In comparison with wild salmon, domesticated fish had substantially lower egg to smolt survival (1.8% vs. 3.8% across cohorts), they migrated earlier in the year (11.8 days earlier across years), but they only displayed marginally larger smolt sizes and marginally lower smolt ages. Upon return to freshwater, domesticated salmon were substantially larger at age than wild salmon (2.4 vs. 2.0, 4.8 vs. 3.2, and 8.5 vs. 5.6 kg across sexes for 1, 2, and 3 sea‐winter fish) and displayed substantially lower released smolt to adult survival (0.41% vs. 0.94% across releases). Overall, egg‐to‐returning adult survival ratios were 1:0.76:0.30 and 1:0.44:0.21 for wild:F1‐hybrid:domesticated salmon, respectively, using two different types of data. This study represents the most updated and extensive analysis of domesticated, hybrid, and wild salmon in the wild and provides the first documentation of a clear genetic difference in the timing of smolt migration—an adaptive trait presumed to be linked with optimal timing of entry to seawater. We conclude that spawning and hybridization of domesticated escapees can lead to (i) reduced wild smolt output and therefore wild adult abundance, through resource competition in freshwater, (ii) reduced total adult abundance due to freshwater competition and reduced marine survival of domesticated salmon, and (iii) ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Wiley Online Library Evolutionary Applications 12 5 1001 1016 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Interactions between domesticated escapees and wild conspecifics represent a threat to the genetic integrity and fitness of native populations. For Atlantic salmon, the recurrent presence of large numbers of domesticated escapees in the wild makes it necessary to better understand their impacts on native populations. We planted 254,400 eggs from 75 families of domesticated, F1‐hybrid, and wild salmon in a river containing up‐ and downstream traps. Additionally, 41,630 hatchery smolts of the same pedigrees were released into the river. Over 8 years, 6,669 out‐migrating smolts and 356 returning adults were recaptured and identified to their families of origin with DNA. In comparison with wild salmon, domesticated fish had substantially lower egg to smolt survival (1.8% vs. 3.8% across cohorts), they migrated earlier in the year (11.8 days earlier across years), but they only displayed marginally larger smolt sizes and marginally lower smolt ages. Upon return to freshwater, domesticated salmon were substantially larger at age than wild salmon (2.4 vs. 2.0, 4.8 vs. 3.2, and 8.5 vs. 5.6 kg across sexes for 1, 2, and 3 sea‐winter fish) and displayed substantially lower released smolt to adult survival (0.41% vs. 0.94% across releases). Overall, egg‐to‐returning adult survival ratios were 1:0.76:0.30 and 1:0.44:0.21 for wild:F1‐hybrid:domesticated salmon, respectively, using two different types of data. This study represents the most updated and extensive analysis of domesticated, hybrid, and wild salmon in the wild and provides the first documentation of a clear genetic difference in the timing of smolt migration—an adaptive trait presumed to be linked with optimal timing of entry to seawater. We conclude that spawning and hybridization of domesticated escapees can lead to (i) reduced wild smolt output and therefore wild adult abundance, through resource competition in freshwater, (ii) reduced total adult abundance due to freshwater competition and reduced marine survival of domesticated salmon, and (iii) ... |
author2 |
Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Skaala, Øystein Besnier, Francois Borgstrøm, Reidar Barlaup, BjørnTorgeir Sørvik, Anne Grete Normann, Eirik Østebø, Britt Iren Hansen, Michael Møller Glover, Kevin Alan |
spellingShingle |
Skaala, Øystein Besnier, Francois Borgstrøm, Reidar Barlaup, BjørnTorgeir Sørvik, Anne Grete Normann, Eirik Østebø, Britt Iren Hansen, Michael Møller Glover, Kevin Alan An extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits |
author_facet |
Skaala, Øystein Besnier, Francois Borgstrøm, Reidar Barlaup, BjørnTorgeir Sørvik, Anne Grete Normann, Eirik Østebø, Britt Iren Hansen, Michael Møller Glover, Kevin Alan |
author_sort |
Skaala, Øystein |
title |
An extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits |
title_short |
An extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits |
title_full |
An extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits |
title_fullStr |
An extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits |
title_full_unstemmed |
An extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits |
title_sort |
extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12777 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Feva.12777 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eva.12777 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/eva.12777 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Evolutionary Applications volume 12, issue 5, page 1001-1016 ISSN 1752-4571 1752-4571 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12777 |
container_title |
Evolutionary Applications |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
1001 |
op_container_end_page |
1016 |
_version_ |
1802642441158787072 |