Repeatability of alert and flight initiation distances in king penguins: Effects of colony, approach speed, and weather

• Published in: Ethology
• Main Authors: Hammer, Tracey L., Bize, Pierre, Saraux, Claire, Gineste, Benoit, Robin, Jean‐Patrice, Groscolas, René, Viblanc, Vincent A.
• Other Authors: Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2022
• Subjects: Fid; King Penguins
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.13264; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eth.13264; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/eth.13264

Abstract Alert distance (AD) and flight initiation distance (FID) are popular measures used to explore the reaction of prey to approaching predators, and thus the economics underlying optimal escape strategies. AD likely mirrors the effort invested into vigilance, while FID provides an estimate of t...