The impact of environmental factors on early stage Andosol development south of Vatnajökull, Iceland
Abstract Icelandic soils develop in a dynamic environment affected by both natural processes and anthropogenic impacts. We present an extensive investigation of soil mineralogy and pedogenesis in a disturbed (i.e., by solifluction) pedon under such conditions. The study focuses on two distinct tephr...
Published in: | European Journal of Soil Science |
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crwiley:10.1111/ejss.13224 2024-06-02T08:09:15+00:00 The impact of environmental factors on early stage Andosol development south of Vatnajökull, Iceland Bonatotzky, Theresa Ottner, Franz Erlendsson, Egill Gísladóttir, Guðrún Österreichische Agentur für Internationale Mobilität und Kooperation in Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung 2022 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13224 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ejss.13224 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/ejss.13224 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor European Journal of Soil Science volume 73, issue 2 ISSN 1351-0754 1365-2389 journal-article 2022 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13224 2024-05-03T11:31:40Z Abstract Icelandic soils develop in a dynamic environment affected by both natural processes and anthropogenic impacts. We present an extensive investigation of soil mineralogy and pedogenesis in a disturbed (i.e., by solifluction) pedon under such conditions. The study focuses on two distinct tephra layers, a rhyolitic tephra from the Öræfajökull eruption in 1362 CE (Ö1362) and a basaltic Veiðivötn tephra from 1477 CE (V1477). Both tephra layers form an important parent material in the study area south of Vatnajökull, Iceland. The Andosol developed from tephra and aeolian material, rich in volcanic glass. The pH (H 2 O) values were between 5.5 and 6.6 and clay mineralogy displayed a predominance of allophanic material in both soil and tephra. The pedon can be seen in its early stage of chemical weathering and soil development. Despite the overall predominance of non‐ and poorly‐crystalline short‐range order secondary materials and Fe (hydr)oxides in the clay‐size fraction, we found indication of smectite. High exchangeable Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ concentrations reflect enhanced aeolian input of volcanic material, while elevated exchangeable‐Na + concentrations are most likely caused by the oceanic composition of precipitation. The impact of erosion and aeolian processes on pedogenesis seemed to be higher between the deposition of Ö1362 and V1477, than in the soils above. Both, soil and tephra layers appeared disturbed by erosion–deposition processes over time. Characterised by a significantly coarser particle size composition, low soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and a more diverse mineralogy, a distinct fluvial sediment layer at 10–30 cm depth appeared sharply contrasting to the other soil layers in the profile. This possibly reflects the diverse composition of glaciofluvial material from a landslide originating from a Kvíárjökull moraine in the north. Changed weathering patterns and properties in the soils above the Ö1362 tephra indicated soil degradation following the deposition of the rhyolitic tephra. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Vatnajökull Wiley Online Library Vatnajökull ENVELOPE(-16.823,-16.823,64.420,64.420) Veiðivötn ENVELOPE(-18.798,-18.798,64.120,64.120) European Journal of Soil Science 73 2 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Icelandic soils develop in a dynamic environment affected by both natural processes and anthropogenic impacts. We present an extensive investigation of soil mineralogy and pedogenesis in a disturbed (i.e., by solifluction) pedon under such conditions. The study focuses on two distinct tephra layers, a rhyolitic tephra from the Öræfajökull eruption in 1362 CE (Ö1362) and a basaltic Veiðivötn tephra from 1477 CE (V1477). Both tephra layers form an important parent material in the study area south of Vatnajökull, Iceland. The Andosol developed from tephra and aeolian material, rich in volcanic glass. The pH (H 2 O) values were between 5.5 and 6.6 and clay mineralogy displayed a predominance of allophanic material in both soil and tephra. The pedon can be seen in its early stage of chemical weathering and soil development. Despite the overall predominance of non‐ and poorly‐crystalline short‐range order secondary materials and Fe (hydr)oxides in the clay‐size fraction, we found indication of smectite. High exchangeable Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ concentrations reflect enhanced aeolian input of volcanic material, while elevated exchangeable‐Na + concentrations are most likely caused by the oceanic composition of precipitation. The impact of erosion and aeolian processes on pedogenesis seemed to be higher between the deposition of Ö1362 and V1477, than in the soils above. Both, soil and tephra layers appeared disturbed by erosion–deposition processes over time. Characterised by a significantly coarser particle size composition, low soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and a more diverse mineralogy, a distinct fluvial sediment layer at 10–30 cm depth appeared sharply contrasting to the other soil layers in the profile. This possibly reflects the diverse composition of glaciofluvial material from a landslide originating from a Kvíárjökull moraine in the north. Changed weathering patterns and properties in the soils above the Ö1362 tephra indicated soil degradation following the deposition of the rhyolitic tephra. |
author2 |
Österreichische Agentur für Internationale Mobilität und Kooperation in Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bonatotzky, Theresa Ottner, Franz Erlendsson, Egill Gísladóttir, Guðrún |
spellingShingle |
Bonatotzky, Theresa Ottner, Franz Erlendsson, Egill Gísladóttir, Guðrún The impact of environmental factors on early stage Andosol development south of Vatnajökull, Iceland |
author_facet |
Bonatotzky, Theresa Ottner, Franz Erlendsson, Egill Gísladóttir, Guðrún |
author_sort |
Bonatotzky, Theresa |
title |
The impact of environmental factors on early stage Andosol development south of Vatnajökull, Iceland |
title_short |
The impact of environmental factors on early stage Andosol development south of Vatnajökull, Iceland |
title_full |
The impact of environmental factors on early stage Andosol development south of Vatnajökull, Iceland |
title_fullStr |
The impact of environmental factors on early stage Andosol development south of Vatnajökull, Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
The impact of environmental factors on early stage Andosol development south of Vatnajökull, Iceland |
title_sort |
impact of environmental factors on early stage andosol development south of vatnajökull, iceland |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13224 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ejss.13224 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/ejss.13224 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-16.823,-16.823,64.420,64.420) ENVELOPE(-18.798,-18.798,64.120,64.120) |
geographic |
Vatnajökull Veiðivötn |
geographic_facet |
Vatnajökull Veiðivötn |
genre |
Iceland Vatnajökull |
genre_facet |
Iceland Vatnajökull |
op_source |
European Journal of Soil Science volume 73, issue 2 ISSN 1351-0754 1365-2389 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13224 |
container_title |
European Journal of Soil Science |
container_volume |
73 |
container_issue |
2 |
_version_ |
1800754917416108032 |