Late Quaternary glaciation in the Hebrides sector of the continental shelf: was St Kilda overrun by the British‐ Irish Ice Sheet?

• Published in: Boreas
• Main Authors: Hiemstra, John F., Shakesby, Richard A., Vieli, Andreas
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2014
• Subjects: Ice Sheet
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bor.12097; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fbor.12097; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/bor.12097

Until recently, the B ritish‐ I rish I ce S heet ( BIIS ) was thought to have reached no farther than a mid‐continental shelf position in the Hebrides Sector, NW Britain, during the last glaciation (traditional model). However, recent discovery of widespread shelf‐edge moraines in this sector has led to a suggestion of much more extensive ice ( A tlantic S helf model). The position of the S t K ilda archipelago, approximately mid‐way between the O uter H ebrides and the continental shelf edge, makes it ideal as an onshore location to test which of the two competing models is more viable. To this end, we (i) reassessed the characteristics, stratigraphy and morphology of the Q uaternary sediments exposed on the largest island ( H irta), and (ii) applied time‐dependent 2 D numerical modelling of possible glacier formation on H irta. Instead of three glaciations (as previously suggested), we identified evidence of only two, including one of entirely local derivation. The numerical model supports the view that this glaciation was in the form of two short glaciers occupying the two valleys that dominate H irta. The good state of preservation of the glacial sediments and associated moraine of this local glaciation indicate relatively recent formation. In view of the low inferred equilibrium line altitude of the glacier associated with the best morphological evidence (∼120 m), considerable thickness of slope deposits outside the glacial limits and evidence of only one rather than two tills, a L ate D evensian rather than Y ounger D ryas age is preferred for this glaciation. Re‐examination of the submarine moraine pattern from available bathymetry suggests that the ice sheet was forced to flow around S t K ilda, implying that the ice was of insufficient thickness to overrun the islands. Accepting this leaves open the possibility that a S t K ilda nunatak supported local ice while the ice sheet extended to the continental shelf edge.