Selective occurrence of Rhizobiales in frost flowers on the surface of young sea ice near Barrow, Alaska and distribution in the polar marine rare biosphere

• Published in: Environmental Microbiology Reports
• Main Authors: Bowman, J. S., Larose, C., Vogel, T. M., Deming, J. W.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2013
• Subjects: Barrow; Sea ice; Alaska
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12047; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1758-2229.12047; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/1758-2229.12047/fullpdf

Summary Frost flowers are highly saline ice structures that grow on the surface of young sea ice, a spatially extensive environment of increasing importance in the A rctic O cean. In a previous study, we reported organic components of frost flowers in the form of elevated levels of bacteria and exopolymers relative to underlying ice. Here, DNA was extracted from frost flowers and young sea ice, collected in springtime from a frozen lead offshore of B arrow, A laska, to identify bacteria in these understudied environments. Evaluation of the distribution of 16S rRNA genes via four methods (microarray analysis, T ‐ RFLP , clone library and shotgun metagenomic sequencing) indicated distinctive bacterial assemblages between the two environments, with frost flowers appearing to select for R hizobiales . A phylogenetic placement approach, used to evaluate the distribution of similar R hizobiales sequences in other polar marine studies, indicated that some of the observed strains represent widely distributed members of the marine rare biosphere in both the A rctic and A ntarctic.