Incidence distributions, risk factors and trends of vaginal cancer: A global population‐based study

• Published in: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
• Main Authors: Huang, Junjie, Chan, Sze Chai, Pang, Wing Sze, Mak, Fung Yu, Fung, Yat Ching, Lok, Veeleah, Zhang, Lin, Lin, Xu, Lucero‐Prisno, Don Eliseo, Xu, Wanghong, Zheng, Zhi‐Jie, Elcarte, Edmar, Withers, Mellissa, Wong, Martin C. S.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2024
• Subjects: Iceland
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17887; https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1471-0528.17887

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors and trends for vaginal cancer. Design Retrospective observational design. Setting Data were collected from multiple sources, including the Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus, Global Burden of Disease, World Bank and the United Nations. Population Individuals diagnosed with vaginal cancer. Methods The study collected data on vaginal cancer from the specified sources. The age‐standardised rate (ASR) of vaginal cancer was calculated for different regions and age groups. Multivariable and univariable linear regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between risk factors and the incidence of vaginal cancer. Trend analysis was conducted using joinpoint regression analysis, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated to quantify the temporal trend. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures of the study were the incidence of vaginal cancer, risk factors associated with the disease and the trend of its incidence over time. Results There were 17 908 newly reported cases of vaginal cancer (ASR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.30–0.44) in 2020, with the highest ASRs reported in South–Central Asia and Southern Africa. Risk factors associated with a higher incidence of vaginal cancer included a higher prevalence of unsafe sex and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The temporal trend showed an overall rising incidence globally, with Iceland (AAPC = 29.56, 95% CI 12.12–49.71), Chile (AAPC = 22.83, 95% CI 13.20–33.27), Bahrain (AAPC = 22.05, 95% CI 10.83–34.40) and the UK (AAPC = 1.40, 95% CI 0.41–2.39) demonstrating the most significant rising trends. Conclusions The significant regional disparities and risk factors associated with vaginal cancer underscore the necessity for targeted interventions and education, particularly in regions with a lower human development index (HDI) and a higher prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The increasing incidence trend ...