Permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands is rapidly altering forest community composition
Abstract Boreal peatlands are frequently underlain by permafrost, which is thawing rapidly. A common ecological response to thaw is the conversion of raised forested plateaus to treeless wetlands, but unexplained spatial variation in responses, combined with a lack of stand‐level data, make it diffi...
Published in: | Journal of Ecology |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 |
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crwiley:10.1111/1365-2745.13569 2024-06-23T07:55:43+00:00 Permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands is rapidly altering forest community composition Dearborn, Katherine D. Wallace, Cory A. Patankar, Rajit Baltzer, Jennifer L. Gibson, David Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Canada Foundation for Innovation Smithsonian Institution 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Journal of Ecology volume 109, issue 3, page 1452-1467 ISSN 0022-0477 1365-2745 journal-article 2020 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 2024-06-11T04:41:59Z Abstract Boreal peatlands are frequently underlain by permafrost, which is thawing rapidly. A common ecological response to thaw is the conversion of raised forested plateaus to treeless wetlands, but unexplained spatial variation in responses, combined with a lack of stand‐level data, make it difficult to predict future trajectories of boreal forest composition and structure. We sought to characterize patterns and identify drivers of forest structure, composition, mortality and recruitment in a boreal peatland experiencing permafrost thaw. To do this, we established a large (10 ha) permanent forest plot (completed in 2014), located in the Northwest Territories, Canada, that includes 40,584 mapped and measured trees. In 2018, we conducted a comprehensive mortality and recruitment recensus. We also measured frost table depth, soil moisture, soil humification and organic layer thickness within the plot between 2012 and 2018, and used habitat association tests to link these variables to forest characteristics and dynamics. Forest composition and structure varied markedly throughout the plot and were strongly governed by patterns in permafrost presence and organic layer thickness. Overall, there was a net loss of trees from the plot at a rate of 0.7% year −1 . Mortality of black spruce, the dominant tree species, was more than double that of recruitment and was strongly associated with permafrost thaw. In contrast, recruitment of larch was over four times greater than mortality, and occurred primarily in low‐lying, permafrost‐free wetlands with mineral soil near the surface. Synthesis . The trends in tree demography and underlying drivers suggest that spruce‐dominated permafrost plateaus will be converted into larch‐dominated wetlands as permafrost thaw progresses in boreal peatlands, particularly in areas where mineral soil is near the surface. In the longer term, thaw could increase the hydrologic connectivity of the landscape, resulting in widespread drainage and re‐vegetation by spruce, but we did not find ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Northwest Territories permafrost Wiley Online Library Canada Northwest Territories Journal of Ecology 109 3 1452 1467 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Boreal peatlands are frequently underlain by permafrost, which is thawing rapidly. A common ecological response to thaw is the conversion of raised forested plateaus to treeless wetlands, but unexplained spatial variation in responses, combined with a lack of stand‐level data, make it difficult to predict future trajectories of boreal forest composition and structure. We sought to characterize patterns and identify drivers of forest structure, composition, mortality and recruitment in a boreal peatland experiencing permafrost thaw. To do this, we established a large (10 ha) permanent forest plot (completed in 2014), located in the Northwest Territories, Canada, that includes 40,584 mapped and measured trees. In 2018, we conducted a comprehensive mortality and recruitment recensus. We also measured frost table depth, soil moisture, soil humification and organic layer thickness within the plot between 2012 and 2018, and used habitat association tests to link these variables to forest characteristics and dynamics. Forest composition and structure varied markedly throughout the plot and were strongly governed by patterns in permafrost presence and organic layer thickness. Overall, there was a net loss of trees from the plot at a rate of 0.7% year −1 . Mortality of black spruce, the dominant tree species, was more than double that of recruitment and was strongly associated with permafrost thaw. In contrast, recruitment of larch was over four times greater than mortality, and occurred primarily in low‐lying, permafrost‐free wetlands with mineral soil near the surface. Synthesis . The trends in tree demography and underlying drivers suggest that spruce‐dominated permafrost plateaus will be converted into larch‐dominated wetlands as permafrost thaw progresses in boreal peatlands, particularly in areas where mineral soil is near the surface. In the longer term, thaw could increase the hydrologic connectivity of the landscape, resulting in widespread drainage and re‐vegetation by spruce, but we did not find ... |
author2 |
Gibson, David Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Canada Foundation for Innovation Smithsonian Institution |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Dearborn, Katherine D. Wallace, Cory A. Patankar, Rajit Baltzer, Jennifer L. |
spellingShingle |
Dearborn, Katherine D. Wallace, Cory A. Patankar, Rajit Baltzer, Jennifer L. Permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands is rapidly altering forest community composition |
author_facet |
Dearborn, Katherine D. Wallace, Cory A. Patankar, Rajit Baltzer, Jennifer L. |
author_sort |
Dearborn, Katherine D. |
title |
Permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands is rapidly altering forest community composition |
title_short |
Permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands is rapidly altering forest community composition |
title_full |
Permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands is rapidly altering forest community composition |
title_fullStr |
Permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands is rapidly altering forest community composition |
title_full_unstemmed |
Permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands is rapidly altering forest community composition |
title_sort |
permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands is rapidly altering forest community composition |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 |
geographic |
Canada Northwest Territories |
geographic_facet |
Canada Northwest Territories |
genre |
Northwest Territories permafrost |
genre_facet |
Northwest Territories permafrost |
op_source |
Journal of Ecology volume 109, issue 3, page 1452-1467 ISSN 0022-0477 1365-2745 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13569 |
container_title |
Journal of Ecology |
container_volume |
109 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
1452 |
op_container_end_page |
1467 |
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1802648395320393728 |