Factors affecting the recovery of Mexican wolves in the Southwest United States
Abstract Recovering and maintaining large carnivore populations is a global conservation challenge that requires better knowledge of the factors affecting their populations, particularly in shared landscapes (i.e. non‐protected areas where people occupy and or utilize the land). The Mexican wolf ( C...
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crwiley:10.1111/1365-2664.14483 2024-09-15T18:01:24+00:00 Factors affecting the recovery of Mexican wolves in the Southwest United States Breck, Stewart W. Davis, Amy J. Oakleaf, John K. Bergman, David L. deVos, Jim Greer, J. Paul Pepin, Kim U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service University of Michigan 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14483 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1111/1365-2664.14483 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2664.14483 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Journal of Applied Ecology volume 60, issue 10, page 2199-2209 ISSN 0021-8901 1365-2664 journal-article 2023 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14483 2024-08-09T04:26:53Z Abstract Recovering and maintaining large carnivore populations is a global conservation challenge that requires better knowledge of the factors affecting their populations, particularly in shared landscapes (i.e. non‐protected areas where people occupy and or utilize the land). The Mexican wolf ( Canis lupus baileyi ) is an endangered wolf subspecies being recovered on shared landscapes in the Southwest United States and Mexico. We used data from the U.S. program to model population growth, evaluate the impact of management removal and illegal killing relative to other demographic factors, and test hypotheses about factors influencing rates of management removal and illegal killing. From 1998 to 2019, the population growth averaged 12% per year. Rates of natural reproduction, illegal killing and other mortality remained consistent over the 22 years; while releases, translocations and management removals varied markedly between two time periods, phase 1:1998–2007 and phase 2:2008–2019. The number of wolves removed for conflict management was higher during phase 1 (average ~ 13 per year, rate = 24.8%) than phase 2 (average of ~5 per year, rate = 5.2%). This decrease in management removal resulted in the wolf population resuming growth after a period of population stagnation. Two factors influenced this decrease, a change in policy regarding removal of wolves (stronger modelling support) and a decrease in the number of captive‐reared adult wolves released into the wild (weaker modelling support). Illegal mortality was relatively constant across both phases, but after the decrease in management removal, illegal mortality became the most important factor (relative importance shifted from 28.2% to 50.1%). Illegal mortality was positively correlated with rates of reintroduction and translocation of wolves and negatively correlated with the rate of management removal. Synthesis and applications . Using management removal to reduce human–carnivore conflict can have negative population impacts if not used judiciously. ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus Wiley Online Library Journal of Applied Ecology 60 10 2199 2209 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
description |
Abstract Recovering and maintaining large carnivore populations is a global conservation challenge that requires better knowledge of the factors affecting their populations, particularly in shared landscapes (i.e. non‐protected areas where people occupy and or utilize the land). The Mexican wolf ( Canis lupus baileyi ) is an endangered wolf subspecies being recovered on shared landscapes in the Southwest United States and Mexico. We used data from the U.S. program to model population growth, evaluate the impact of management removal and illegal killing relative to other demographic factors, and test hypotheses about factors influencing rates of management removal and illegal killing. From 1998 to 2019, the population growth averaged 12% per year. Rates of natural reproduction, illegal killing and other mortality remained consistent over the 22 years; while releases, translocations and management removals varied markedly between two time periods, phase 1:1998–2007 and phase 2:2008–2019. The number of wolves removed for conflict management was higher during phase 1 (average ~ 13 per year, rate = 24.8%) than phase 2 (average of ~5 per year, rate = 5.2%). This decrease in management removal resulted in the wolf population resuming growth after a period of population stagnation. Two factors influenced this decrease, a change in policy regarding removal of wolves (stronger modelling support) and a decrease in the number of captive‐reared adult wolves released into the wild (weaker modelling support). Illegal mortality was relatively constant across both phases, but after the decrease in management removal, illegal mortality became the most important factor (relative importance shifted from 28.2% to 50.1%). Illegal mortality was positively correlated with rates of reintroduction and translocation of wolves and negatively correlated with the rate of management removal. Synthesis and applications . Using management removal to reduce human–carnivore conflict can have negative population impacts if not used judiciously. ... |
author2 |
U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service University of Michigan |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Breck, Stewart W. Davis, Amy J. Oakleaf, John K. Bergman, David L. deVos, Jim Greer, J. Paul Pepin, Kim |
spellingShingle |
Breck, Stewart W. Davis, Amy J. Oakleaf, John K. Bergman, David L. deVos, Jim Greer, J. Paul Pepin, Kim Factors affecting the recovery of Mexican wolves in the Southwest United States |
author_facet |
Breck, Stewart W. Davis, Amy J. Oakleaf, John K. Bergman, David L. deVos, Jim Greer, J. Paul Pepin, Kim |
author_sort |
Breck, Stewart W. |
title |
Factors affecting the recovery of Mexican wolves in the Southwest United States |
title_short |
Factors affecting the recovery of Mexican wolves in the Southwest United States |
title_full |
Factors affecting the recovery of Mexican wolves in the Southwest United States |
title_fullStr |
Factors affecting the recovery of Mexican wolves in the Southwest United States |
title_full_unstemmed |
Factors affecting the recovery of Mexican wolves in the Southwest United States |
title_sort |
factors affecting the recovery of mexican wolves in the southwest united states |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14483 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1111/1365-2664.14483 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2664.14483 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
Journal of Applied Ecology volume 60, issue 10, page 2199-2209 ISSN 0021-8901 1365-2664 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14483 |
container_title |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
container_volume |
60 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
2199 |
op_container_end_page |
2209 |
_version_ |
1810438555364753408 |