Sex‐specific effects of wind on the flight decisions of a sexually dimorphic soaring bird
Abstract In a highly dynamic airspace, flying animals are predicted to adjust foraging behaviour to variable wind conditions to minimize movement costs. Sexual size dimorphism is widespread in wild animal populations, and for large soaring birds which rely on favourable winds for energy‐efficient fl...
Published in: | Journal of Animal Ecology |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1365-2656.13267 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 |
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crwiley:10.1111/1365-2656.13267 2024-10-13T14:06:50+00:00 Sex‐specific effects of wind on the flight decisions of a sexually dimorphic soaring bird Clay, Thomas A. Joo, Rocío Weimerskirch, Henri Phillips, Richard A. den Ouden, Olivier Basille, Mathieu Clusella‐Trullas, Susana Assink, Jelle D. Patrick, Samantha C. Street, Garrett Human Frontier Science Program Natural Environment Research Council 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1365-2656.13267 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Journal of Animal Ecology volume 89, issue 8, page 1811-1823 ISSN 0021-8790 1365-2656 journal-article 2020 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 2024-09-17T04:47:12Z Abstract In a highly dynamic airspace, flying animals are predicted to adjust foraging behaviour to variable wind conditions to minimize movement costs. Sexual size dimorphism is widespread in wild animal populations, and for large soaring birds which rely on favourable winds for energy‐efficient flight, differences in morphology, wing loading and associated flight capabilities may lead males and females to respond differently to wind. However, the interaction between wind and sex has not been comprehensively tested. We investigated, in a large sexually dimorphic seabird which predominantly uses dynamic soaring flight, whether flight decisions are modulated to variation in winds over extended foraging trips, and whether males and females differ. Using GPS loggers we tracked 385 incubation foraging trips of wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans , for which males are c . 20% larger than females, from two major populations (Crozet and South Georgia). Hidden Markov models were used to characterize behavioural states—directed flight, area‐restricted search (ARS) and resting—and model the probability of transitioning between states in response to wind speed and relative direction, and sex. Wind speed and relative direction were important predictors of state transitioning. Birds were much more likely to take off (i.e. switch from rest to flight) in stronger headwinds, and as wind speeds increased, to be in directed flight rather than ARS. Males from Crozet but not South Georgia experienced stronger winds than females, and males from both populations were more likely to take‐off in windier conditions. Albatrosses appear to deploy an energy‐saving strategy by modulating taking‐off, their most energetically expensive behaviour, to favourable wind conditions. The behaviour of males, which have higher wing loading requiring faster speeds for gliding flight, was influenced to a greater degree by wind than females. As such, our results indicate that variation in flight performance drives sex differences in time–activity ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Diomedea exulans Wiley Online Library Journal of Animal Ecology 89 8 1811 1823 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract In a highly dynamic airspace, flying animals are predicted to adjust foraging behaviour to variable wind conditions to minimize movement costs. Sexual size dimorphism is widespread in wild animal populations, and for large soaring birds which rely on favourable winds for energy‐efficient flight, differences in morphology, wing loading and associated flight capabilities may lead males and females to respond differently to wind. However, the interaction between wind and sex has not been comprehensively tested. We investigated, in a large sexually dimorphic seabird which predominantly uses dynamic soaring flight, whether flight decisions are modulated to variation in winds over extended foraging trips, and whether males and females differ. Using GPS loggers we tracked 385 incubation foraging trips of wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans , for which males are c . 20% larger than females, from two major populations (Crozet and South Georgia). Hidden Markov models were used to characterize behavioural states—directed flight, area‐restricted search (ARS) and resting—and model the probability of transitioning between states in response to wind speed and relative direction, and sex. Wind speed and relative direction were important predictors of state transitioning. Birds were much more likely to take off (i.e. switch from rest to flight) in stronger headwinds, and as wind speeds increased, to be in directed flight rather than ARS. Males from Crozet but not South Georgia experienced stronger winds than females, and males from both populations were more likely to take‐off in windier conditions. Albatrosses appear to deploy an energy‐saving strategy by modulating taking‐off, their most energetically expensive behaviour, to favourable wind conditions. The behaviour of males, which have higher wing loading requiring faster speeds for gliding flight, was influenced to a greater degree by wind than females. As such, our results indicate that variation in flight performance drives sex differences in time–activity ... |
author2 |
Street, Garrett Human Frontier Science Program Natural Environment Research Council |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Clay, Thomas A. Joo, Rocío Weimerskirch, Henri Phillips, Richard A. den Ouden, Olivier Basille, Mathieu Clusella‐Trullas, Susana Assink, Jelle D. Patrick, Samantha C. |
spellingShingle |
Clay, Thomas A. Joo, Rocío Weimerskirch, Henri Phillips, Richard A. den Ouden, Olivier Basille, Mathieu Clusella‐Trullas, Susana Assink, Jelle D. Patrick, Samantha C. Sex‐specific effects of wind on the flight decisions of a sexually dimorphic soaring bird |
author_facet |
Clay, Thomas A. Joo, Rocío Weimerskirch, Henri Phillips, Richard A. den Ouden, Olivier Basille, Mathieu Clusella‐Trullas, Susana Assink, Jelle D. Patrick, Samantha C. |
author_sort |
Clay, Thomas A. |
title |
Sex‐specific effects of wind on the flight decisions of a sexually dimorphic soaring bird |
title_short |
Sex‐specific effects of wind on the flight decisions of a sexually dimorphic soaring bird |
title_full |
Sex‐specific effects of wind on the flight decisions of a sexually dimorphic soaring bird |
title_fullStr |
Sex‐specific effects of wind on the flight decisions of a sexually dimorphic soaring bird |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sex‐specific effects of wind on the flight decisions of a sexually dimorphic soaring bird |
title_sort |
sex‐specific effects of wind on the flight decisions of a sexually dimorphic soaring bird |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1365-2656.13267 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 |
genre |
Diomedea exulans |
genre_facet |
Diomedea exulans |
op_source |
Journal of Animal Ecology volume 89, issue 8, page 1811-1823 ISSN 0021-8790 1365-2656 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13267 |
container_title |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
container_volume |
89 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
1811 |
op_container_end_page |
1823 |
_version_ |
1812813044081754112 |