Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system
Abstract The extent to which prey space use actively minimizes predation risk continues to ignite controversy. Methodological reasons that have hindered consensus include inconsistent measurements of predation risk, biased spatiotemporal scales at which responses are measured and lack of robust null...
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1365-2656.12968 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1111%2F1365-2656.12968 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 |
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crwiley:10.1111/1365-2656.12968 2024-06-02T08:05:03+00:00 Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system Cusack, Jeremy J. Kohl, Michel T. Metz, Matthew C. Coulson, Tim Stahler, Daniel R. Smith, Douglas W. MacNulty, Daniel R. Börger, Luca Natural Environment Research Council National Science Foundation National Park Service 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1365-2656.12968 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1111%2F1365-2656.12968 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Journal of Animal Ecology volume 89, issue 1, page 120-131 ISSN 0021-8790 1365-2656 journal-article 2019 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 2024-05-06T06:59:54Z Abstract The extent to which prey space use actively minimizes predation risk continues to ignite controversy. Methodological reasons that have hindered consensus include inconsistent measurements of predation risk, biased spatiotemporal scales at which responses are measured and lack of robust null expectations. We addressed all three challenges in a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal responses of adult female elk ( Cervus elaphus ) to the risk of predation by wolves ( Canis lupus ) during winter in northern Yellowstone, USA . We quantified spatial overlap between the winter home ranges of GPS ‐collared elk and three measures of predation risk: the intensity of wolf space use, the distribution of wolf‐killed elk and vegetation openness. We also assessed whether elk varied their use of areas characterized by more or less predation risk across hours of the day, and estimated encounter rates between simultaneous elk and wolf pack trajectories. We determined whether observed values were significantly lower than expected if elk movements were random with reference to predation risk using a null model approach. Although a small proportion of elk did show a tendency to minimize use of open vegetation at specific times of the day, overall we highlight a notable absence of spatiotemporal response by female elk to the risk of predation posed by wolves in northern Yellowstone. Our results suggest that predator–prey interactions may not always result in strong spatiotemporal patterns of avoidance. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus Wiley Online Library Journal of Animal Ecology 89 1 120 131 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract The extent to which prey space use actively minimizes predation risk continues to ignite controversy. Methodological reasons that have hindered consensus include inconsistent measurements of predation risk, biased spatiotemporal scales at which responses are measured and lack of robust null expectations. We addressed all three challenges in a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal responses of adult female elk ( Cervus elaphus ) to the risk of predation by wolves ( Canis lupus ) during winter in northern Yellowstone, USA . We quantified spatial overlap between the winter home ranges of GPS ‐collared elk and three measures of predation risk: the intensity of wolf space use, the distribution of wolf‐killed elk and vegetation openness. We also assessed whether elk varied their use of areas characterized by more or less predation risk across hours of the day, and estimated encounter rates between simultaneous elk and wolf pack trajectories. We determined whether observed values were significantly lower than expected if elk movements were random with reference to predation risk using a null model approach. Although a small proportion of elk did show a tendency to minimize use of open vegetation at specific times of the day, overall we highlight a notable absence of spatiotemporal response by female elk to the risk of predation posed by wolves in northern Yellowstone. Our results suggest that predator–prey interactions may not always result in strong spatiotemporal patterns of avoidance. |
author2 |
Börger, Luca Natural Environment Research Council National Science Foundation National Park Service |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cusack, Jeremy J. Kohl, Michel T. Metz, Matthew C. Coulson, Tim Stahler, Daniel R. Smith, Douglas W. MacNulty, Daniel R. |
spellingShingle |
Cusack, Jeremy J. Kohl, Michel T. Metz, Matthew C. Coulson, Tim Stahler, Daniel R. Smith, Douglas W. MacNulty, Daniel R. Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
author_facet |
Cusack, Jeremy J. Kohl, Michel T. Metz, Matthew C. Coulson, Tim Stahler, Daniel R. Smith, Douglas W. MacNulty, Daniel R. |
author_sort |
Cusack, Jeremy J. |
title |
Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
title_short |
Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
title_full |
Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
title_fullStr |
Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
title_full_unstemmed |
Weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
title_sort |
weak spatiotemporal response of prey to predation risk in a freely interacting system |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1365-2656.12968 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1111%2F1365-2656.12968 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
Journal of Animal Ecology volume 89, issue 1, page 120-131 ISSN 0021-8790 1365-2656 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12968 |
container_title |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
container_volume |
89 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
120 |
op_container_end_page |
131 |
_version_ |
1800749795781902336 |