Seasonal demography of a cyclic lemming population in the Canadian Arctic
Summary The causes of cyclical fluctuations in animal populations remain a controversial topic in ecology. Food limitation and predation are two leading hypotheses to explain small mammal population dynamics in northern environments. We documented the seasonal timing of the decline phases and demogr...
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crwiley:10.1111/1365-2656.12385 2024-09-15T18:17:38+00:00 Seasonal demography of a cyclic lemming population in the Canadian Arctic Fauteux, Dominique Gauthier, Gilles Berteaux, Dominique Ims, Rolf Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Canadian International Polar Year Program Northern Student Training Program of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence ArcticNet PCSP Environord W. Garfield Weston Foundation Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12385 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1365-2656.12385 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.12385 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Animal Ecology volume 84, issue 5, page 1412-1422 ISSN 0021-8790 1365-2656 journal-article 2015 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12385 2024-08-22T04:15:51Z Summary The causes of cyclical fluctuations in animal populations remain a controversial topic in ecology. Food limitation and predation are two leading hypotheses to explain small mammal population dynamics in northern environments. We documented the seasonal timing of the decline phases and demographic parameters (survival and reproduction) associated with population changes in lemmings, allowing us to evaluate some predictions from these two hypotheses. We studied the demography of brown lemmings ( Lemmus trimucronatus ), a species showing 3‐ to 4‐year population cycles in the Canadian Arctic, by combining capture–mark–recapture analysis of summer live‐trapping with monitoring of winter nests over a 10‐year period. We also examined the effects of some weather variables on survival. We found that population declines after a peak occurred between the summer and winter period and not during the winter. During the summer, population growth was driven by change in survival, but not in fecundity or proportion of juveniles, whereas in winter population growth was driven by changes in late summer and winter reproduction. We did not find evidence for direct density dependence on summer demographic parameters, though our analysis was constrained by the paucity of data during the low phase. Body mass, however, was highest in peak years. Weather effects were detected only in early summer when lemming survival was positively related to snow depth at the onset of melt but negatively related to rainfall. Our results show that high mortality causes population declines of lemmings during summer and fall, which suggests that predation is sufficient to cause population crashes, whereas high winter fecundity is the primary factor leading to population irruptions. The positive association between snow depth and early summer survival may be due to the protective cover offered by snow against predators. It is still unclear why reproduction remains low during the low phase. Article in Journal/Newspaper Lemmus trimucronatus Wiley Online Library Journal of Animal Ecology 84 5 1412 1422 |
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English |
description |
Summary The causes of cyclical fluctuations in animal populations remain a controversial topic in ecology. Food limitation and predation are two leading hypotheses to explain small mammal population dynamics in northern environments. We documented the seasonal timing of the decline phases and demographic parameters (survival and reproduction) associated with population changes in lemmings, allowing us to evaluate some predictions from these two hypotheses. We studied the demography of brown lemmings ( Lemmus trimucronatus ), a species showing 3‐ to 4‐year population cycles in the Canadian Arctic, by combining capture–mark–recapture analysis of summer live‐trapping with monitoring of winter nests over a 10‐year period. We also examined the effects of some weather variables on survival. We found that population declines after a peak occurred between the summer and winter period and not during the winter. During the summer, population growth was driven by change in survival, but not in fecundity or proportion of juveniles, whereas in winter population growth was driven by changes in late summer and winter reproduction. We did not find evidence for direct density dependence on summer demographic parameters, though our analysis was constrained by the paucity of data during the low phase. Body mass, however, was highest in peak years. Weather effects were detected only in early summer when lemming survival was positively related to snow depth at the onset of melt but negatively related to rainfall. Our results show that high mortality causes population declines of lemmings during summer and fall, which suggests that predation is sufficient to cause population crashes, whereas high winter fecundity is the primary factor leading to population irruptions. The positive association between snow depth and early summer survival may be due to the protective cover offered by snow against predators. It is still unclear why reproduction remains low during the low phase. |
author2 |
Ims, Rolf Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Canadian International Polar Year Program Northern Student Training Program of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence ArcticNet PCSP Environord W. Garfield Weston Foundation Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fauteux, Dominique Gauthier, Gilles Berteaux, Dominique |
spellingShingle |
Fauteux, Dominique Gauthier, Gilles Berteaux, Dominique Seasonal demography of a cyclic lemming population in the Canadian Arctic |
author_facet |
Fauteux, Dominique Gauthier, Gilles Berteaux, Dominique |
author_sort |
Fauteux, Dominique |
title |
Seasonal demography of a cyclic lemming population in the Canadian Arctic |
title_short |
Seasonal demography of a cyclic lemming population in the Canadian Arctic |
title_full |
Seasonal demography of a cyclic lemming population in the Canadian Arctic |
title_fullStr |
Seasonal demography of a cyclic lemming population in the Canadian Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seasonal demography of a cyclic lemming population in the Canadian Arctic |
title_sort |
seasonal demography of a cyclic lemming population in the canadian arctic |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12385 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1365-2656.12385 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2656.12385 |
genre |
Lemmus trimucronatus |
genre_facet |
Lemmus trimucronatus |
op_source |
Journal of Animal Ecology volume 84, issue 5, page 1412-1422 ISSN 0021-8790 1365-2656 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12385 |
container_title |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
container_volume |
84 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
1412 |
op_container_end_page |
1422 |
_version_ |
1810455698259050496 |