Searching for prey in a three‐dimensional environment: hierarchical movements enhance foraging success in northern elephant seals
Summary Foraging theory predicts that predators adjust their movements according to the spatial distribution of prey. Since prey is often patchily distributed, area‐restricted search ( ARS ) behaviour, characterized by sinuous search paths of predators with increased turning frequency, should be eff...
Published in: | Functional Ecology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2016
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1365-2435.12686 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 |
id |
crwiley:10.1111/1365-2435.12686 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crwiley:10.1111/1365-2435.12686 2024-09-30T14:34:23+00:00 Searching for prey in a three‐dimensional environment: hierarchical movements enhance foraging success in northern elephant seals Adachi, Taiki Costa, Daniel P. Robinson, Patrick W. Peterson, Sarah H. Yamamichi, Masato Naito, Yasuhiko Takahashi, Akinori Goldbogen, Jeremy Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1365-2435.12686 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Functional Ecology volume 31, issue 2, page 361-369 ISSN 0269-8463 1365-2435 journal-article 2016 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 2024-09-05T05:06:52Z Summary Foraging theory predicts that predators adjust their movements according to the spatial distribution of prey. Since prey is often patchily distributed, area‐restricted search ( ARS ) behaviour, characterized by sinuous search paths of predators with increased turning frequency, should be effective in foraging. However, it remains unclear whether ARS behaviour actually enhances foraging success in free‐ranging animals, especially in marine animals that forage in a three‐dimensional (3D) environment. Here, we reconstructed 3D dive paths of a highly pelagic marine predator, the northern elephant seal ( n = 3), with multisensor data loggers that recorded depth, tri‐axis acceleration, tri‐axis magnetism and swim speed. We identified spatial scales of volume‐restricted search ( VRS , termed for 3D ARS ) behaviour using spherical first‐passage time analysis on 3D dive paths, accompanied with quantifying feeding rates in VRS by using mandible accelerometers that recorded feeding events. Seals exhibited VRS behaviour at two spatial scales (radius of spheres): small‐ VRS (8–10 m) and large‐ VRS (17–19 m). Most feeding events occurred in VRS zones (78 and 86% for small and large‐ VRS , respectively), although VRS accounted for a small proportion of bottom phase of dives in distance travelled. This suggests a strong link between VRS behaviour and foraging success. There was a hierarchical structure to the VRS most small‐ VRS (95%) were nested within large‐ VRS (i.e. nested VRS ). Importantly, nested VRS had significantly higher feeding rates than non‐nested VRS , because nested VRS contained small‐ and large‐ VRS with higher and lower feeding rates, respectively. These results suggest that seals forage on mesopelagic prey in a hierarchical patch system where high‐density patches at small scales are nested within low‐density patches at larger scales. We demonstrated that seals employed scale‐dependent, hierarchical 3D movements and that underwater fine‐scale sinuous movements (i.e. VRS ) were strongly linked to ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Elephant Seal Elephant Seals Wiley Online Library Functional Ecology 31 2 361 369 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Summary Foraging theory predicts that predators adjust their movements according to the spatial distribution of prey. Since prey is often patchily distributed, area‐restricted search ( ARS ) behaviour, characterized by sinuous search paths of predators with increased turning frequency, should be effective in foraging. However, it remains unclear whether ARS behaviour actually enhances foraging success in free‐ranging animals, especially in marine animals that forage in a three‐dimensional (3D) environment. Here, we reconstructed 3D dive paths of a highly pelagic marine predator, the northern elephant seal ( n = 3), with multisensor data loggers that recorded depth, tri‐axis acceleration, tri‐axis magnetism and swim speed. We identified spatial scales of volume‐restricted search ( VRS , termed for 3D ARS ) behaviour using spherical first‐passage time analysis on 3D dive paths, accompanied with quantifying feeding rates in VRS by using mandible accelerometers that recorded feeding events. Seals exhibited VRS behaviour at two spatial scales (radius of spheres): small‐ VRS (8–10 m) and large‐ VRS (17–19 m). Most feeding events occurred in VRS zones (78 and 86% for small and large‐ VRS , respectively), although VRS accounted for a small proportion of bottom phase of dives in distance travelled. This suggests a strong link between VRS behaviour and foraging success. There was a hierarchical structure to the VRS most small‐ VRS (95%) were nested within large‐ VRS (i.e. nested VRS ). Importantly, nested VRS had significantly higher feeding rates than non‐nested VRS , because nested VRS contained small‐ and large‐ VRS with higher and lower feeding rates, respectively. These results suggest that seals forage on mesopelagic prey in a hierarchical patch system where high‐density patches at small scales are nested within low‐density patches at larger scales. We demonstrated that seals employed scale‐dependent, hierarchical 3D movements and that underwater fine‐scale sinuous movements (i.e. VRS ) were strongly linked to ... |
author2 |
Goldbogen, Jeremy Japan Society for the Promotion of Science |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Adachi, Taiki Costa, Daniel P. Robinson, Patrick W. Peterson, Sarah H. Yamamichi, Masato Naito, Yasuhiko Takahashi, Akinori |
spellingShingle |
Adachi, Taiki Costa, Daniel P. Robinson, Patrick W. Peterson, Sarah H. Yamamichi, Masato Naito, Yasuhiko Takahashi, Akinori Searching for prey in a three‐dimensional environment: hierarchical movements enhance foraging success in northern elephant seals |
author_facet |
Adachi, Taiki Costa, Daniel P. Robinson, Patrick W. Peterson, Sarah H. Yamamichi, Masato Naito, Yasuhiko Takahashi, Akinori |
author_sort |
Adachi, Taiki |
title |
Searching for prey in a three‐dimensional environment: hierarchical movements enhance foraging success in northern elephant seals |
title_short |
Searching for prey in a three‐dimensional environment: hierarchical movements enhance foraging success in northern elephant seals |
title_full |
Searching for prey in a three‐dimensional environment: hierarchical movements enhance foraging success in northern elephant seals |
title_fullStr |
Searching for prey in a three‐dimensional environment: hierarchical movements enhance foraging success in northern elephant seals |
title_full_unstemmed |
Searching for prey in a three‐dimensional environment: hierarchical movements enhance foraging success in northern elephant seals |
title_sort |
searching for prey in a three‐dimensional environment: hierarchical movements enhance foraging success in northern elephant seals |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1365-2435.12686 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 |
genre |
Elephant Seal Elephant Seals |
genre_facet |
Elephant Seal Elephant Seals |
op_source |
Functional Ecology volume 31, issue 2, page 361-369 ISSN 0269-8463 1365-2435 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12686 |
container_title |
Functional Ecology |
container_volume |
31 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
361 |
op_container_end_page |
369 |
_version_ |
1811638014576689152 |