The enhancement of cod stocks
Atlantic cod have been a primary target for marine stock enhancement since the 1880s. In the early part of this period, hatched larvae were released in Norway, the USA and Canada. The last larval releases were conducted in Norway in 1971, and a century of cod larvae releases were halted without any...
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crwiley:10.1046/j.1467-2979.2000.00017.x 2024-06-23T07:51:04+00:00 The enhancement of cod stocks Svåsand, T. Kristiansen, T.S. Pedersen, T. Salvanes, A.G.V. Engelsen, R. Nævdal, G. Nødtvedt, M. 2000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2000.00017.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1046%2Fj.1467-2979.2000.00017.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2000.00017.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Fish and Fisheries volume 1, issue 2, page 173-205 ISSN 1467-2960 1467-2979 journal-article 2000 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2000.00017.x 2024-05-31T08:13:35Z Atlantic cod have been a primary target for marine stock enhancement since the 1880s. In the early part of this period, hatched larvae were released in Norway, the USA and Canada. The last larval releases were conducted in Norway in 1971, and a century of cod larvae releases were halted without any clear evidence of benefit. Since the early 1980s, the focus has been on production of larger, more viable juvenile cod. Emphasis has been given to the design of tag–release programmes involving large‐scale releases and ecosystem analysis in selected ecosystems. Most of this research has been carried out in Norway, where more than one million tagged juvenile cod have been released. Smaller stocking experiments have also been performed in Denmark, Sweden, the Faroe Islands and the USA. This paper reviews the major findings from these programmes. We include summaries and evaluations of rearing techniques for juvenile cod, methods of tagging and recapture, experimental fishing, migration, mortality and growth rates in the different habitats, genetic analysis, and ecosystem studies that have tried to describe the variation in the cod carrying capacity of selected release areas. Despite relatively large variation in environmental conditions, in cod production and in fishing mortality along the Norwegian coast, results indicate that, under the conditions experienced during the 1980s and 1990s, releases of juvenile cod did not significantly increase cod production and catches. The biological limitations and future prospects of Atlantic cod stock enhancement are addressed. Article in Journal/Newspaper atlantic cod Faroe Islands Wiley Online Library Canada Faroe Islands Norway Fish and Fisheries 1 2 173 205 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
description |
Atlantic cod have been a primary target for marine stock enhancement since the 1880s. In the early part of this period, hatched larvae were released in Norway, the USA and Canada. The last larval releases were conducted in Norway in 1971, and a century of cod larvae releases were halted without any clear evidence of benefit. Since the early 1980s, the focus has been on production of larger, more viable juvenile cod. Emphasis has been given to the design of tag–release programmes involving large‐scale releases and ecosystem analysis in selected ecosystems. Most of this research has been carried out in Norway, where more than one million tagged juvenile cod have been released. Smaller stocking experiments have also been performed in Denmark, Sweden, the Faroe Islands and the USA. This paper reviews the major findings from these programmes. We include summaries and evaluations of rearing techniques for juvenile cod, methods of tagging and recapture, experimental fishing, migration, mortality and growth rates in the different habitats, genetic analysis, and ecosystem studies that have tried to describe the variation in the cod carrying capacity of selected release areas. Despite relatively large variation in environmental conditions, in cod production and in fishing mortality along the Norwegian coast, results indicate that, under the conditions experienced during the 1980s and 1990s, releases of juvenile cod did not significantly increase cod production and catches. The biological limitations and future prospects of Atlantic cod stock enhancement are addressed. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Svåsand, T. Kristiansen, T.S. Pedersen, T. Salvanes, A.G.V. Engelsen, R. Nævdal, G. Nødtvedt, M. |
spellingShingle |
Svåsand, T. Kristiansen, T.S. Pedersen, T. Salvanes, A.G.V. Engelsen, R. Nævdal, G. Nødtvedt, M. The enhancement of cod stocks |
author_facet |
Svåsand, T. Kristiansen, T.S. Pedersen, T. Salvanes, A.G.V. Engelsen, R. Nævdal, G. Nødtvedt, M. |
author_sort |
Svåsand, T. |
title |
The enhancement of cod stocks |
title_short |
The enhancement of cod stocks |
title_full |
The enhancement of cod stocks |
title_fullStr |
The enhancement of cod stocks |
title_full_unstemmed |
The enhancement of cod stocks |
title_sort |
enhancement of cod stocks |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2000 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2000.00017.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1046%2Fj.1467-2979.2000.00017.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2000.00017.x |
geographic |
Canada Faroe Islands Norway |
geographic_facet |
Canada Faroe Islands Norway |
genre |
atlantic cod Faroe Islands |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Faroe Islands |
op_source |
Fish and Fisheries volume 1, issue 2, page 173-205 ISSN 1467-2960 1467-2979 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2000.00017.x |
container_title |
Fish and Fisheries |
container_volume |
1 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
173 |
op_container_end_page |
205 |
_version_ |
1802642059435180032 |