Glacial influence on Neoproterozoic sedimentation: the Smalfjord Formation, northern Norway
ABSTRACT There is much debate regarding the intensity and geographic extent of glaciation during the Neoproterozoic, particularly in response to recent geochemical work suggesting that the Neoproterozoic earth was at times ice covered from equator to poles (the ‘Snowball Earth’ hypothesis). A detail...
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crwiley:10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00466.x 2024-10-13T14:09:44+00:00 Glacial influence on Neoproterozoic sedimentation: the Smalfjord Formation, northern Norway Arnaud, Emmanuelle Eyles, Carolyn H. 2002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00466.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1046%2Fj.1365-3091.2002.00466.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00466.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Sedimentology volume 49, issue 4, page 765-788 ISSN 0037-0746 1365-3091 journal-article 2002 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00466.x 2024-09-17T04:44:48Z ABSTRACT There is much debate regarding the intensity and geographic extent of glaciation during the Neoproterozoic, particularly in response to recent geochemical work suggesting that the Neoproterozoic earth was at times ice covered from equator to poles (the ‘Snowball Earth’ hypothesis). A detailed sedimentological analysis of the Neoproterozoic Smalfjord Formation of northern Norway was conducted in order to determine the extent and intensity of glacial influence on sedimentation. In the Tarmfjorden area, the Smalfjord Formation consists of a stacked succession of diamictites interbedded with fine‐grained laminated mudstones containing rare outsized clasts. Diamictites and interbedded mudstones are interpreted as the product of subaqueous mass flows generated along the basin margin. In the Varangerfjorden area, chaotically interbedded diamictites, conglomerates and sandstones are overlain by a thick succession of stacked sandstone beds; onediamictite unit at Bigganjargga overlies a striated pavement. The Varangerfjorden outcrops appear to record deposition on a subaqueous debris apron. Although diamictites contain rare striated and faceted clasts, suggesting a glacial sediment source, their origin as subaqueous mass flows prevents the interpretation of ice mass form or distribution. Rare lonestones may be associated with floating ice in the basin, which may be of glacial or seasonal origin. Glacial ice may have contributed poorly sorted glacial debris to the basin margin, either directly or through fluvioglacial systems, but there is no evidence of direct deposition by ice at Varangerfjorden or Tarmfjorden. The overall fining‐upward trend identified in the Smalfjord Formation and overlying Nyborg Formation is consistent with depositional models of rift basin settings. This fining‐upward trend, the predominance of mass flow facies including breccias associated with scarps and the evidence for extensional tectonic activity in the region suggest that tectonic activity may have played an important role in the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Norway Varangerfjord* Varangerfjorden Wiley Online Library Norway Varangerfjorden ENVELOPE(30.000,30.000,70.000,70.000) Smalfjord ENVELOPE(28.062,28.062,70.439,70.439) Sedimentology 49 4 765 788 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
ABSTRACT There is much debate regarding the intensity and geographic extent of glaciation during the Neoproterozoic, particularly in response to recent geochemical work suggesting that the Neoproterozoic earth was at times ice covered from equator to poles (the ‘Snowball Earth’ hypothesis). A detailed sedimentological analysis of the Neoproterozoic Smalfjord Formation of northern Norway was conducted in order to determine the extent and intensity of glacial influence on sedimentation. In the Tarmfjorden area, the Smalfjord Formation consists of a stacked succession of diamictites interbedded with fine‐grained laminated mudstones containing rare outsized clasts. Diamictites and interbedded mudstones are interpreted as the product of subaqueous mass flows generated along the basin margin. In the Varangerfjorden area, chaotically interbedded diamictites, conglomerates and sandstones are overlain by a thick succession of stacked sandstone beds; onediamictite unit at Bigganjargga overlies a striated pavement. The Varangerfjorden outcrops appear to record deposition on a subaqueous debris apron. Although diamictites contain rare striated and faceted clasts, suggesting a glacial sediment source, their origin as subaqueous mass flows prevents the interpretation of ice mass form or distribution. Rare lonestones may be associated with floating ice in the basin, which may be of glacial or seasonal origin. Glacial ice may have contributed poorly sorted glacial debris to the basin margin, either directly or through fluvioglacial systems, but there is no evidence of direct deposition by ice at Varangerfjorden or Tarmfjorden. The overall fining‐upward trend identified in the Smalfjord Formation and overlying Nyborg Formation is consistent with depositional models of rift basin settings. This fining‐upward trend, the predominance of mass flow facies including breccias associated with scarps and the evidence for extensional tectonic activity in the region suggest that tectonic activity may have played an important role in the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Arnaud, Emmanuelle Eyles, Carolyn H. |
spellingShingle |
Arnaud, Emmanuelle Eyles, Carolyn H. Glacial influence on Neoproterozoic sedimentation: the Smalfjord Formation, northern Norway |
author_facet |
Arnaud, Emmanuelle Eyles, Carolyn H. |
author_sort |
Arnaud, Emmanuelle |
title |
Glacial influence on Neoproterozoic sedimentation: the Smalfjord Formation, northern Norway |
title_short |
Glacial influence on Neoproterozoic sedimentation: the Smalfjord Formation, northern Norway |
title_full |
Glacial influence on Neoproterozoic sedimentation: the Smalfjord Formation, northern Norway |
title_fullStr |
Glacial influence on Neoproterozoic sedimentation: the Smalfjord Formation, northern Norway |
title_full_unstemmed |
Glacial influence on Neoproterozoic sedimentation: the Smalfjord Formation, northern Norway |
title_sort |
glacial influence on neoproterozoic sedimentation: the smalfjord formation, northern norway |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00466.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1046%2Fj.1365-3091.2002.00466.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00466.x |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(30.000,30.000,70.000,70.000) ENVELOPE(28.062,28.062,70.439,70.439) |
geographic |
Norway Varangerfjorden Smalfjord |
geographic_facet |
Norway Varangerfjorden Smalfjord |
genre |
Northern Norway Varangerfjord* Varangerfjorden |
genre_facet |
Northern Norway Varangerfjord* Varangerfjorden |
op_source |
Sedimentology volume 49, issue 4, page 765-788 ISSN 0037-0746 1365-3091 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00466.x |
container_title |
Sedimentology |
container_volume |
49 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
765 |
op_container_end_page |
788 |
_version_ |
1812816799860785152 |