Two centuries of the Scandinavian wolf population: patterns of genetic variability and migration during an era of dramatic decline
Abstract The grey wolf ( Canis lupus ) was numerous on the Scandinavian peninsula in the early 19th century. However, as a result of intense persecution, the population declined dramatically and was virtually extinct from the peninsula by the 1960s. We examined historical patterns of genetic variabi...
Published in: | Molecular Ecology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2003
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01784.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1046%2Fj.1365-294X.2003.01784.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01784.x |
id |
crwiley:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01784.x |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
crwiley:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01784.x 2024-09-30T14:33:33+00:00 Two centuries of the Scandinavian wolf population: patterns of genetic variability and migration during an era of dramatic decline Flagstad, Ø. Walker, C. W. Vilà, C. Sundqvist, A.‐K. Fernholm, B. Hufthammer, A. K. Wiig, Ø. Koyola, I. Ellegren, H. 2003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01784.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1046%2Fj.1365-294X.2003.01784.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01784.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Molecular Ecology volume 12, issue 4, page 869-880 ISSN 0962-1083 1365-294X journal-article 2003 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01784.x 2024-09-03T04:23:03Z Abstract The grey wolf ( Canis lupus ) was numerous on the Scandinavian peninsula in the early 19th century. However, as a result of intense persecution, the population declined dramatically and was virtually extinct from the peninsula by the 1960s. We examined historical patterns of genetic variability throughout the period of decline, from 1829 to 1979. Contemporary Finnish wolves, considered to be representative of a large eastern wolf population, were used for comparison. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variability among historical Scandinavian wolves was significantly lower than in Finland while Y chromosome variability was comparable between the two populations. This may suggest that long‐distance migration from the east has been male‐biased. Importantly though, as the historical population was significantly differentiated from contemporary Finnish wolves, the overall immigration rate to the Scandinavian peninsula appears to have been low. Levels of variability at autosomal microsatellite loci were high by the early 1800s but declined considerably towards the mid‐20th century. At this time, approximately 40% of the allelic diversity and 30% of the heterozygosity had been lost. After 1940, however, there is evidence of several immigration events, coinciding with episodes of marked population increase in Russian Karelia and subsequent westwards migration. Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus karelia* Wiley Online Library Molecular Ecology 12 4 869 880 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract The grey wolf ( Canis lupus ) was numerous on the Scandinavian peninsula in the early 19th century. However, as a result of intense persecution, the population declined dramatically and was virtually extinct from the peninsula by the 1960s. We examined historical patterns of genetic variability throughout the period of decline, from 1829 to 1979. Contemporary Finnish wolves, considered to be representative of a large eastern wolf population, were used for comparison. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variability among historical Scandinavian wolves was significantly lower than in Finland while Y chromosome variability was comparable between the two populations. This may suggest that long‐distance migration from the east has been male‐biased. Importantly though, as the historical population was significantly differentiated from contemporary Finnish wolves, the overall immigration rate to the Scandinavian peninsula appears to have been low. Levels of variability at autosomal microsatellite loci were high by the early 1800s but declined considerably towards the mid‐20th century. At this time, approximately 40% of the allelic diversity and 30% of the heterozygosity had been lost. After 1940, however, there is evidence of several immigration events, coinciding with episodes of marked population increase in Russian Karelia and subsequent westwards migration. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Flagstad, Ø. Walker, C. W. Vilà, C. Sundqvist, A.‐K. Fernholm, B. Hufthammer, A. K. Wiig, Ø. Koyola, I. Ellegren, H. |
spellingShingle |
Flagstad, Ø. Walker, C. W. Vilà, C. Sundqvist, A.‐K. Fernholm, B. Hufthammer, A. K. Wiig, Ø. Koyola, I. Ellegren, H. Two centuries of the Scandinavian wolf population: patterns of genetic variability and migration during an era of dramatic decline |
author_facet |
Flagstad, Ø. Walker, C. W. Vilà, C. Sundqvist, A.‐K. Fernholm, B. Hufthammer, A. K. Wiig, Ø. Koyola, I. Ellegren, H. |
author_sort |
Flagstad, Ø. |
title |
Two centuries of the Scandinavian wolf population: patterns of genetic variability and migration during an era of dramatic decline |
title_short |
Two centuries of the Scandinavian wolf population: patterns of genetic variability and migration during an era of dramatic decline |
title_full |
Two centuries of the Scandinavian wolf population: patterns of genetic variability and migration during an era of dramatic decline |
title_fullStr |
Two centuries of the Scandinavian wolf population: patterns of genetic variability and migration during an era of dramatic decline |
title_full_unstemmed |
Two centuries of the Scandinavian wolf population: patterns of genetic variability and migration during an era of dramatic decline |
title_sort |
two centuries of the scandinavian wolf population: patterns of genetic variability and migration during an era of dramatic decline |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01784.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1046%2Fj.1365-294X.2003.01784.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01784.x |
genre |
Canis lupus karelia* |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus karelia* |
op_source |
Molecular Ecology volume 12, issue 4, page 869-880 ISSN 0962-1083 1365-294X |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01784.x |
container_title |
Molecular Ecology |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
869 |
op_container_end_page |
880 |
_version_ |
1811637403028291584 |