Land–atmosphere energy exchange in Arctic tundra and boreal forest: available data and feedbacks to climate
Summary This paper summarizes and analyses available data on the surface energy balance of Arctic tundra and boreal forest. The complex interactions between ecosystems and their surface energy balance are also examined, including climatically induced shifts in ecosystem type that might amplify or re...
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crwiley:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06015.x 2024-09-15T17:35:53+00:00 Land–atmosphere energy exchange in Arctic tundra and boreal forest: available data and feedbacks to climate Eugster, Werner Rouse, Wayne R Pielke Sr, Roger A. Mcfadden, Joseph P. Baldocchi, Dennis D Kittel, Timothy G. F Chapin, F. Stuart Liston, Glen E. Vidale, Pier Luigi Vaganov, Eugene Chambers, Scott 2000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06015.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2486.2000.06015.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06015.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06015.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Global Change Biology volume 6, issue S1, page 84-115 ISSN 1354-1013 1365-2486 journal-article 2000 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06015.x 2024-08-13T04:13:24Z Summary This paper summarizes and analyses available data on the surface energy balance of Arctic tundra and boreal forest. The complex interactions between ecosystems and their surface energy balance are also examined, including climatically induced shifts in ecosystem type that might amplify or reduce the effects of potential climatic change. High latitudes are characterized by large annual changes in solar input. Albedo decreases strongly from winter, when the surface is snow‐covered, to summer, especially in nonforested regions such as Arctic tundra and boreal wetlands. Evapotranspiration ( Q E ) of high‐latitude ecosystems is less than from a freely evaporating surface and decreases late in the season, when soil moisture declines, indicating stomatal control over Q E , particularly in evergreen forests. Evergreen conifer forests have a canopy conductance half that of deciduous forests and consequently lower Q E and higher sensible heat flux ( Q H ). There is a broad overlap in energy partitioning between Arctic and boreal ecosystems, although Arctic ecosystems and light taiga generally have higher ground heat flux because there is less leaf and stem area to shade the ground surface, and the thermal gradient from the surface to permafrost is steeper. Permafrost creates a strong heat sink in summer that reduces surface temperature and therefore heat flux to the atmosphere. Loss of permafrost would therefore amplify climatic warming. If warming caused an increase in productivity and leaf area, or fire caused a shift from evergreen to deciduous forest, this would increase Q E and reduce Q H . Potential future shifts in vegetation would have varying climate feedbacks, with largest effects caused by shifts from boreal conifer to shrubland or deciduous forest (or vice versa) and from Arctic coastal to wet tundra. An increase of logging activity in the boreal forests appears to reduce Q E by roughly 50% with little change in Q H , while the ground heat flux is strongly enhanced. Article in Journal/Newspaper albedo permafrost taiga Tundra Wiley Online Library Global Change Biology 6 S1 84 115 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Summary This paper summarizes and analyses available data on the surface energy balance of Arctic tundra and boreal forest. The complex interactions between ecosystems and their surface energy balance are also examined, including climatically induced shifts in ecosystem type that might amplify or reduce the effects of potential climatic change. High latitudes are characterized by large annual changes in solar input. Albedo decreases strongly from winter, when the surface is snow‐covered, to summer, especially in nonforested regions such as Arctic tundra and boreal wetlands. Evapotranspiration ( Q E ) of high‐latitude ecosystems is less than from a freely evaporating surface and decreases late in the season, when soil moisture declines, indicating stomatal control over Q E , particularly in evergreen forests. Evergreen conifer forests have a canopy conductance half that of deciduous forests and consequently lower Q E and higher sensible heat flux ( Q H ). There is a broad overlap in energy partitioning between Arctic and boreal ecosystems, although Arctic ecosystems and light taiga generally have higher ground heat flux because there is less leaf and stem area to shade the ground surface, and the thermal gradient from the surface to permafrost is steeper. Permafrost creates a strong heat sink in summer that reduces surface temperature and therefore heat flux to the atmosphere. Loss of permafrost would therefore amplify climatic warming. If warming caused an increase in productivity and leaf area, or fire caused a shift from evergreen to deciduous forest, this would increase Q E and reduce Q H . Potential future shifts in vegetation would have varying climate feedbacks, with largest effects caused by shifts from boreal conifer to shrubland or deciduous forest (or vice versa) and from Arctic coastal to wet tundra. An increase of logging activity in the boreal forests appears to reduce Q E by roughly 50% with little change in Q H , while the ground heat flux is strongly enhanced. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Eugster, Werner Rouse, Wayne R Pielke Sr, Roger A. Mcfadden, Joseph P. Baldocchi, Dennis D Kittel, Timothy G. F Chapin, F. Stuart Liston, Glen E. Vidale, Pier Luigi Vaganov, Eugene Chambers, Scott |
spellingShingle |
Eugster, Werner Rouse, Wayne R Pielke Sr, Roger A. Mcfadden, Joseph P. Baldocchi, Dennis D Kittel, Timothy G. F Chapin, F. Stuart Liston, Glen E. Vidale, Pier Luigi Vaganov, Eugene Chambers, Scott Land–atmosphere energy exchange in Arctic tundra and boreal forest: available data and feedbacks to climate |
author_facet |
Eugster, Werner Rouse, Wayne R Pielke Sr, Roger A. Mcfadden, Joseph P. Baldocchi, Dennis D Kittel, Timothy G. F Chapin, F. Stuart Liston, Glen E. Vidale, Pier Luigi Vaganov, Eugene Chambers, Scott |
author_sort |
Eugster, Werner |
title |
Land–atmosphere energy exchange in Arctic tundra and boreal forest: available data and feedbacks to climate |
title_short |
Land–atmosphere energy exchange in Arctic tundra and boreal forest: available data and feedbacks to climate |
title_full |
Land–atmosphere energy exchange in Arctic tundra and boreal forest: available data and feedbacks to climate |
title_fullStr |
Land–atmosphere energy exchange in Arctic tundra and boreal forest: available data and feedbacks to climate |
title_full_unstemmed |
Land–atmosphere energy exchange in Arctic tundra and boreal forest: available data and feedbacks to climate |
title_sort |
land–atmosphere energy exchange in arctic tundra and boreal forest: available data and feedbacks to climate |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2000 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06015.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2486.2000.06015.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06015.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06015.x |
genre |
albedo permafrost taiga Tundra |
genre_facet |
albedo permafrost taiga Tundra |
op_source |
Global Change Biology volume 6, issue S1, page 84-115 ISSN 1354-1013 1365-2486 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06015.x |
container_title |
Global Change Biology |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
S1 |
container_start_page |
84 |
op_container_end_page |
115 |
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1810484047510503424 |