Factors influencing stream chemistry in catchments on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska

1. Factors influencing the water chemistry of streams were evaluated for remote catchments on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, a high‐latitude geologically diverse landscape. 2. We evaluated the hypothesis that weathering rates of dominant geological formations of catchments would be the major factor...

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Published in:Freshwater Biology
Main Authors: WISSMAR, ROBERT, SWANSTON, DOUGLAS, BRYANT, MASON, McGEE, KATHERINE
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Wiley 1997
Subjects:
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00216.x
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spelling crwiley:10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00216.x 2024-06-02T08:05:13+00:00 Factors influencing stream chemistry in catchments on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WISSMAR, ROBERT SWANSTON, DOUGLAS BRYANT, MASON McGEE, KATHERINE 1997 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00216.x https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2427.1997.00216.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00216.x en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Freshwater Biology volume 38, issue 2, page 301-314 ISSN 0046-5070 1365-2427 journal-article 1997 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00216.x 2024-05-03T11:04:12Z 1. Factors influencing the water chemistry of streams were evaluated for remote catchments on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, a high‐latitude geologically diverse landscape. 2. We evaluated the hypothesis that weathering rates of dominant geological formations of catchments would be the major factor influencing the water chemistry of streams. 3. Catchments were compared by synoptic sampling of stream and cave waters, mapping to define the distribution of geological formations, and laboratory studies of rock weathering. 4. Carbonation was identified as the major mechanism influencing the weathering of rocks. High P co 2 levels of cave and upwelling waters in streams suggested CO 2 , supplied by soil respiratory processes, was the major factor controlling the concentration of dissolved CO 2 , carbonic acid dissociation, and H + replacement of cations on rock surfaces. 5. Additional evidence of carbonation included the relationship between HCO 3 1– and Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ ( r 2 = 0.95) for low‐ and high‐alkalinity waters. The relationship suggested that the high‐alkalinity waters were associated with the weathering of calcareous rocks. Waters with high alkalinities (> 1254 μeq l –1 ), pH (> 7.0), Ca : Mg ratios (> 6.0.) and saturation values for Ca 2+ (SI c = –0.59–0.06) indicated that karst (limestone) formations with calcite minerals were the major sources of calcium (> 1266 μeq l –1 ). Waters with the lowest alkalinity, pH, HCO 3 1– and cation concentrations were associated with granodiorite (igneous) rocks. Laboratory studies substantiated these findings, with weathering being highest when waters contacted Heceta and Bay of Pillars limestone formations and lowest with igneous rocks. 6. Weathering of rocks, and possibly soils, appeared to be facilitated by surface and subsurface movements of CO 2 and water through fractured karst formations, and water availability in rain‐dominated forests. The proximity of the sea and sulphur in marine aerosols and rainfall, and sulphate reacting with water, may also ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Carbonic acid Prince of Wales Island Alaska Wiley Online Library Prince of Wales Island ENVELOPE(-99.001,-99.001,72.668,72.668) Freshwater Biology 38 2 301 314
institution Open Polar
collection Wiley Online Library
op_collection_id crwiley
language English
description 1. Factors influencing the water chemistry of streams were evaluated for remote catchments on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, a high‐latitude geologically diverse landscape. 2. We evaluated the hypothesis that weathering rates of dominant geological formations of catchments would be the major factor influencing the water chemistry of streams. 3. Catchments were compared by synoptic sampling of stream and cave waters, mapping to define the distribution of geological formations, and laboratory studies of rock weathering. 4. Carbonation was identified as the major mechanism influencing the weathering of rocks. High P co 2 levels of cave and upwelling waters in streams suggested CO 2 , supplied by soil respiratory processes, was the major factor controlling the concentration of dissolved CO 2 , carbonic acid dissociation, and H + replacement of cations on rock surfaces. 5. Additional evidence of carbonation included the relationship between HCO 3 1– and Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ ( r 2 = 0.95) for low‐ and high‐alkalinity waters. The relationship suggested that the high‐alkalinity waters were associated with the weathering of calcareous rocks. Waters with high alkalinities (> 1254 μeq l –1 ), pH (> 7.0), Ca : Mg ratios (> 6.0.) and saturation values for Ca 2+ (SI c = –0.59–0.06) indicated that karst (limestone) formations with calcite minerals were the major sources of calcium (> 1266 μeq l –1 ). Waters with the lowest alkalinity, pH, HCO 3 1– and cation concentrations were associated with granodiorite (igneous) rocks. Laboratory studies substantiated these findings, with weathering being highest when waters contacted Heceta and Bay of Pillars limestone formations and lowest with igneous rocks. 6. Weathering of rocks, and possibly soils, appeared to be facilitated by surface and subsurface movements of CO 2 and water through fractured karst formations, and water availability in rain‐dominated forests. The proximity of the sea and sulphur in marine aerosols and rainfall, and sulphate reacting with water, may also ...
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author WISSMAR, ROBERT
SWANSTON, DOUGLAS
BRYANT, MASON
McGEE, KATHERINE
spellingShingle WISSMAR, ROBERT
SWANSTON, DOUGLAS
BRYANT, MASON
McGEE, KATHERINE
Factors influencing stream chemistry in catchments on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska
author_facet WISSMAR, ROBERT
SWANSTON, DOUGLAS
BRYANT, MASON
McGEE, KATHERINE
author_sort WISSMAR, ROBERT
title Factors influencing stream chemistry in catchments on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska
title_short Factors influencing stream chemistry in catchments on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska
title_full Factors influencing stream chemistry in catchments on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska
title_fullStr Factors influencing stream chemistry in catchments on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska
title_full_unstemmed Factors influencing stream chemistry in catchments on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska
title_sort factors influencing stream chemistry in catchments on prince of wales island, alaska
publisher Wiley
publishDate 1997
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00216.x
https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2427.1997.00216.x
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00216.x
long_lat ENVELOPE(-99.001,-99.001,72.668,72.668)
geographic Prince of Wales Island
geographic_facet Prince of Wales Island
genre Carbonic acid
Prince of Wales Island
Alaska
genre_facet Carbonic acid
Prince of Wales Island
Alaska
op_source Freshwater Biology
volume 38, issue 2, page 301-314
ISSN 0046-5070 1365-2427
op_rights http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00216.x
container_title Freshwater Biology
container_volume 38
container_issue 2
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