A comparative test of the correlated evolution of flightlessness and relative brain size in birds
Abstract Secondary flightlessness has evolved independently many times in birds. Morphological changes in the pectoral girdle and flight feathers and changes in body size have been associated with the evolution of flightlessness, and it has also been suggested that flightless birds have relatively s...
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crwiley:10.1017/s0952836904005308 2024-06-02T08:07:09+00:00 A comparative test of the correlated evolution of flightlessness and relative brain size in birds Iwaniuk, Andrew N. Nelson, John E. James, Helen F. Olson, Storrs L. 2004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836904005308 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1017%2FS0952836904005308 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1017/S0952836904005308 https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1017/S0952836904005308 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of Zoology volume 263, issue 3, page 317-327 ISSN 0952-8369 1469-7998 journal-article 2004 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952836904005308 2024-05-03T10:45:57Z Abstract Secondary flightlessness has evolved independently many times in birds. Morphological changes in the pectoral girdle and flight feathers and changes in body size have been associated with the evolution of flightlessness, and it has also been suggested that flightless birds have relatively small brains. We therefore tested whether flightlessness is related to changes in relative brain size. Relative brain size was compared between volant and flightless species using both conventional statistics and modern comparative methods within nine taxonomic groups. No significant difference was found between flightless and volant species in six of these groups, regardless of whether body mass or tibiotarsal measurements were used as estimates of body size. Species with relatively smaller brains compared with their volant relatives were the great auk Pinguinus impennis , the kakapo Strigops habroptilus and some species of penguin. Thus, we found no evidence of a general correlation between the evolution of secondary flightlessness and the evolution of relatively small brains in birds. This suggests that neural requirements are not significantly different between flightless and volant species, although our methods may have overlooked subtle neurological changes that do not result in markedly different endocranial volumes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Great auk Pinguinus impennis Wiley Online Library Journal of Zoology 263 3 317 327 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Secondary flightlessness has evolved independently many times in birds. Morphological changes in the pectoral girdle and flight feathers and changes in body size have been associated with the evolution of flightlessness, and it has also been suggested that flightless birds have relatively small brains. We therefore tested whether flightlessness is related to changes in relative brain size. Relative brain size was compared between volant and flightless species using both conventional statistics and modern comparative methods within nine taxonomic groups. No significant difference was found between flightless and volant species in six of these groups, regardless of whether body mass or tibiotarsal measurements were used as estimates of body size. Species with relatively smaller brains compared with their volant relatives were the great auk Pinguinus impennis , the kakapo Strigops habroptilus and some species of penguin. Thus, we found no evidence of a general correlation between the evolution of secondary flightlessness and the evolution of relatively small brains in birds. This suggests that neural requirements are not significantly different between flightless and volant species, although our methods may have overlooked subtle neurological changes that do not result in markedly different endocranial volumes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Iwaniuk, Andrew N. Nelson, John E. James, Helen F. Olson, Storrs L. |
spellingShingle |
Iwaniuk, Andrew N. Nelson, John E. James, Helen F. Olson, Storrs L. A comparative test of the correlated evolution of flightlessness and relative brain size in birds |
author_facet |
Iwaniuk, Andrew N. Nelson, John E. James, Helen F. Olson, Storrs L. |
author_sort |
Iwaniuk, Andrew N. |
title |
A comparative test of the correlated evolution of flightlessness and relative brain size in birds |
title_short |
A comparative test of the correlated evolution of flightlessness and relative brain size in birds |
title_full |
A comparative test of the correlated evolution of flightlessness and relative brain size in birds |
title_fullStr |
A comparative test of the correlated evolution of flightlessness and relative brain size in birds |
title_full_unstemmed |
A comparative test of the correlated evolution of flightlessness and relative brain size in birds |
title_sort |
comparative test of the correlated evolution of flightlessness and relative brain size in birds |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836904005308 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1017%2FS0952836904005308 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1017/S0952836904005308 https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1017/S0952836904005308 |
genre |
Great auk Pinguinus impennis |
genre_facet |
Great auk Pinguinus impennis |
op_source |
Journal of Zoology volume 263, issue 3, page 317-327 ISSN 0952-8369 1469-7998 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952836904005308 |
container_title |
Journal of Zoology |
container_volume |
263 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
317 |
op_container_end_page |
327 |
_version_ |
1800752170393403392 |