Enzymatic Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Hydrolysis of Acid Oil Followed by Esterification
Abstract Acid oil, a by‐product of vegetable oil refining, was enzymatically converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Acid oil contained free fatty acids (FFA), acylglycerols, and lipophilic compounds. First, acylglycerols (11 wt%) were hydrolyzed at 30 °C by 20 units Candida rugosa lipase/g‐mi...
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crwiley:10.1007/s11746-007-1143-4 2024-09-15T17:40:34+00:00 Enzymatic Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Hydrolysis of Acid Oil Followed by Esterification Watanabe, Yomi Nagao, Toshihiro Nishida, Yutaka Takagi, Yoshiaki Shimada, Yuji 2007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-007-1143-4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1007/s11746-007-1143-4 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society volume 84, issue 11, page 1015-1021 ISSN 0003-021X 1558-9331 journal-article 2007 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-007-1143-4 2024-08-13T04:16:08Z Abstract Acid oil, a by‐product of vegetable oil refining, was enzymatically converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Acid oil contained free fatty acids (FFA), acylglycerols, and lipophilic compounds. First, acylglycerols (11 wt%) were hydrolyzed at 30 °C by 20 units Candida rugosa lipase/g‐mixture with 40 wt% water. The resulting oil layer containing 92 wt% FFA was used for the next reaction, methyl esterification of FFA to FAME by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase. A mixture of 66 wt% oil layer and 34 wt% methanol (5 mol for FFA) were shaken at 30 °C with 1.0 wt% lipase. The degree of esterification reached 96% after 24 h. The resulting reaction mixture was then dehydrated and subjected to the second esterification that was conducted with 2.2 wt% methanol (5 mol for residual FFA) and 1.0 wt% immobilized lipase. The degree of esterification of residual FFA reached 44%. The degree increased successfully to 72% (total degree of esterification 99%) by conducting the reaction in the presence of 10 wt% glycerol, because water in the oil layer was attracted to the glycerol layer. Over 98% of total esterification was maintained, even though the first and the second esterification reactions were repeated every 24 h for 40 days. The enzymatic process comprising hydrolysis and methyl esterification produced an oil containing 91 wt% FAME, 1 wt% FFA, 1 wt% acylglycerols, and 7 wt% lipophilic compounds. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Wiley Online Library Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 84 11 1015 1021 |
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Abstract Acid oil, a by‐product of vegetable oil refining, was enzymatically converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Acid oil contained free fatty acids (FFA), acylglycerols, and lipophilic compounds. First, acylglycerols (11 wt%) were hydrolyzed at 30 °C by 20 units Candida rugosa lipase/g‐mixture with 40 wt% water. The resulting oil layer containing 92 wt% FFA was used for the next reaction, methyl esterification of FFA to FAME by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase. A mixture of 66 wt% oil layer and 34 wt% methanol (5 mol for FFA) were shaken at 30 °C with 1.0 wt% lipase. The degree of esterification reached 96% after 24 h. The resulting reaction mixture was then dehydrated and subjected to the second esterification that was conducted with 2.2 wt% methanol (5 mol for residual FFA) and 1.0 wt% immobilized lipase. The degree of esterification of residual FFA reached 44%. The degree increased successfully to 72% (total degree of esterification 99%) by conducting the reaction in the presence of 10 wt% glycerol, because water in the oil layer was attracted to the glycerol layer. Over 98% of total esterification was maintained, even though the first and the second esterification reactions were repeated every 24 h for 40 days. The enzymatic process comprising hydrolysis and methyl esterification produced an oil containing 91 wt% FAME, 1 wt% FFA, 1 wt% acylglycerols, and 7 wt% lipophilic compounds. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Watanabe, Yomi Nagao, Toshihiro Nishida, Yutaka Takagi, Yoshiaki Shimada, Yuji |
spellingShingle |
Watanabe, Yomi Nagao, Toshihiro Nishida, Yutaka Takagi, Yoshiaki Shimada, Yuji Enzymatic Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Hydrolysis of Acid Oil Followed by Esterification |
author_facet |
Watanabe, Yomi Nagao, Toshihiro Nishida, Yutaka Takagi, Yoshiaki Shimada, Yuji |
author_sort |
Watanabe, Yomi |
title |
Enzymatic Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Hydrolysis of Acid Oil Followed by Esterification |
title_short |
Enzymatic Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Hydrolysis of Acid Oil Followed by Esterification |
title_full |
Enzymatic Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Hydrolysis of Acid Oil Followed by Esterification |
title_fullStr |
Enzymatic Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Hydrolysis of Acid Oil Followed by Esterification |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enzymatic Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by Hydrolysis of Acid Oil Followed by Esterification |
title_sort |
enzymatic production of fatty acid methyl esters by hydrolysis of acid oil followed by esterification |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-007-1143-4 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1007/s11746-007-1143-4 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_source |
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society volume 84, issue 11, page 1015-1021 ISSN 0003-021X 1558-9331 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-007-1143-4 |
container_title |
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society |
container_volume |
84 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
1015 |
op_container_end_page |
1021 |
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1810486604884606976 |