Uncoupling EPA and DHA in Fish Nutrition: Dietary Demand is Limited in Atlantic Salmon and Effectively Met by DHA Alone
Abstract Due to the scarcity of marine fish oil resources, the aquaculture industry is developing more efficient strategies for the utilization of dietary omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC‐PUFA). A better understanding of how fish utilize EPA and DHA, typically provided by fish...
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crwiley:10.1007/s11745-016-4136-y 2024-06-23T07:51:12+00:00 Uncoupling EPA and DHA in Fish Nutrition: Dietary Demand is Limited in Atlantic Salmon and Effectively Met by DHA Alone Emery, James A. Norambuena, Fernando Trushenski, Jesse Turchini, Giovanni M. Fats and Proteins Research Foundation 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11745-016-4136-y http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11745-016-4136-y.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11745-016-4136-y/fulltext.html http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11745-016-4136-y en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor http://www.springer.com/tdm Lipids volume 51, issue 4, page 399-412 ISSN 0024-4201 1558-9307 journal-article 2016 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-016-4136-y 2024-06-11T04:42:47Z Abstract Due to the scarcity of marine fish oil resources, the aquaculture industry is developing more efficient strategies for the utilization of dietary omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC‐PUFA). A better understanding of how fish utilize EPA and DHA, typically provided by fish oil, is needed. However, EPA and DHA have different physiological functions, may be metabolized and incorporated into tissues differently, and may vary in terms of their importance in meeting the fatty acid requirements of fish. To address these questions, Atlantic salmon were fed experimental diets containing, as the sole added dietary lipid source, fish oil (positive control), tallow (negative control), or tallow supplemented with EPA, DHA, or both fatty acids to ~50 or 100 % of their respective levels in the positive control diet. Following 14 weeks of feeding, the negative control diet yielded optimum growth performance. Though surprising, these results support the notion that Atlantic salmon requirements for n‐3 LC‐PUFA are quite low. EPA was largely β‐oxidized and inefficiently deposited in tissues, and increasing dietary levels were associated with potential negative effects on growth. Conversely, DHA was completely spared from catabolism and very efficiently deposited into flesh. EPA bioconversion to DHA was largely influenced by substrate availability, with the presence of preformed DHA having little inhibitory effect. These results clearly indicate EPA and DHA are metabolized differently by Atlantic salmon, and suggest that the n‐3 LC‐PUFA dietary requirements of Atlantic salmon may be lower than reported and different, if originating primarily from EPA or DHA. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Wiley Online Library Lipids 51 4 399 412 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
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Abstract Due to the scarcity of marine fish oil resources, the aquaculture industry is developing more efficient strategies for the utilization of dietary omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC‐PUFA). A better understanding of how fish utilize EPA and DHA, typically provided by fish oil, is needed. However, EPA and DHA have different physiological functions, may be metabolized and incorporated into tissues differently, and may vary in terms of their importance in meeting the fatty acid requirements of fish. To address these questions, Atlantic salmon were fed experimental diets containing, as the sole added dietary lipid source, fish oil (positive control), tallow (negative control), or tallow supplemented with EPA, DHA, or both fatty acids to ~50 or 100 % of their respective levels in the positive control diet. Following 14 weeks of feeding, the negative control diet yielded optimum growth performance. Though surprising, these results support the notion that Atlantic salmon requirements for n‐3 LC‐PUFA are quite low. EPA was largely β‐oxidized and inefficiently deposited in tissues, and increasing dietary levels were associated with potential negative effects on growth. Conversely, DHA was completely spared from catabolism and very efficiently deposited into flesh. EPA bioconversion to DHA was largely influenced by substrate availability, with the presence of preformed DHA having little inhibitory effect. These results clearly indicate EPA and DHA are metabolized differently by Atlantic salmon, and suggest that the n‐3 LC‐PUFA dietary requirements of Atlantic salmon may be lower than reported and different, if originating primarily from EPA or DHA. |
author2 |
Fats and Proteins Research Foundation |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Emery, James A. Norambuena, Fernando Trushenski, Jesse Turchini, Giovanni M. |
spellingShingle |
Emery, James A. Norambuena, Fernando Trushenski, Jesse Turchini, Giovanni M. Uncoupling EPA and DHA in Fish Nutrition: Dietary Demand is Limited in Atlantic Salmon and Effectively Met by DHA Alone |
author_facet |
Emery, James A. Norambuena, Fernando Trushenski, Jesse Turchini, Giovanni M. |
author_sort |
Emery, James A. |
title |
Uncoupling EPA and DHA in Fish Nutrition: Dietary Demand is Limited in Atlantic Salmon and Effectively Met by DHA Alone |
title_short |
Uncoupling EPA and DHA in Fish Nutrition: Dietary Demand is Limited in Atlantic Salmon and Effectively Met by DHA Alone |
title_full |
Uncoupling EPA and DHA in Fish Nutrition: Dietary Demand is Limited in Atlantic Salmon and Effectively Met by DHA Alone |
title_fullStr |
Uncoupling EPA and DHA in Fish Nutrition: Dietary Demand is Limited in Atlantic Salmon and Effectively Met by DHA Alone |
title_full_unstemmed |
Uncoupling EPA and DHA in Fish Nutrition: Dietary Demand is Limited in Atlantic Salmon and Effectively Met by DHA Alone |
title_sort |
uncoupling epa and dha in fish nutrition: dietary demand is limited in atlantic salmon and effectively met by dha alone |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11745-016-4136-y http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11745-016-4136-y.pdf http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11745-016-4136-y/fulltext.html http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11745-016-4136-y |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Lipids volume 51, issue 4, page 399-412 ISSN 0024-4201 1558-9307 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor http://www.springer.com/tdm |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-016-4136-y |
container_title |
Lipids |
container_volume |
51 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
399 |
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412 |
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1802642213867356160 |