Killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) reproduction at Sea World
Abstract Sea World has maintained killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) since 1965. The total killer whale inventory (1965–1993) has included 39 whales (25 females, 14 males); 28 were wild‐caught and 11 captive‐born, including one second‐generation calf. As of September, 1993, there were 19 whales in the b...
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crwiley:10.1002/zoo.1430140504 2024-04-28T08:27:20+00:00 Killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) reproduction at Sea World Duffield, Deborah A. Odell, Daniel K. McBain, James F. Andrews, Brad 1995 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430140504 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fzoo.1430140504 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/zoo.1430140504 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Zoo Biology volume 14, issue 5, page 417-430 ISSN 0733-3188 1098-2361 Animal Science and Zoology General Medicine journal-article 1995 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430140504 2024-04-08T06:54:56Z Abstract Sea World has maintained killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) since 1965. The total killer whale inventory (1965–1993) has included 39 whales (25 females, 14 males); 28 were wild‐caught and 11 captive‐born, including one second‐generation calf. As of September, 1993, there were 19 whales in the breeding program. Ten of these whales (53%) were captive‐born, either at Sea World or other facilities in North America. The live wild‐caught whales ranged in estimated age from 12–27 years (x̄ ± sd = 17.6 ± 4.2 years). The captive‐born whales ranged in age from <1 to 8 years. In the Sea World breeding program (through September, 1993), there have been nine live births and one stillbirth, with eight calves part of the current inventory. Births occurred from July to February. Calving intervals ranged from 32–58 months. Female age at birth of first calves ranged from 8 years to an estimated 17 years (x̄ ± sd = 12.7 ± 3.0 years). Gestation, based on conception estimates from serum progesterone analysis, averaged 17 months (x̄ ± sd = 517 ± 20 days), but successful pregnancies with viable calves occurred from 15–18 months (468–539 days). Females, in the presence and absence of males, were polyestrus with periods of cycling interspersed with individually variable noncycling (presumed anestrous) periods ranging from 3–16 months. Mean serum progesterone levels (±se) were as follows: noncycling periods = 121 ± 20 pg/ml; peak elevations during nonconceptive ovulatory (estrous) cycles = 3,962 ± 2,280 pg/ml; first pregnancies = 14,592 ± 3,854 pg/ml; second pregnancies = 8,389 ± 395 pg/ml; and third pregnancy = 8,180 ± 4,556. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Article in Journal/Newspaper Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale Wiley Online Library Zoo Biology 14 5 417 430 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
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Animal Science and Zoology General Medicine |
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Animal Science and Zoology General Medicine Duffield, Deborah A. Odell, Daniel K. McBain, James F. Andrews, Brad Killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) reproduction at Sea World |
topic_facet |
Animal Science and Zoology General Medicine |
description |
Abstract Sea World has maintained killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) since 1965. The total killer whale inventory (1965–1993) has included 39 whales (25 females, 14 males); 28 were wild‐caught and 11 captive‐born, including one second‐generation calf. As of September, 1993, there were 19 whales in the breeding program. Ten of these whales (53%) were captive‐born, either at Sea World or other facilities in North America. The live wild‐caught whales ranged in estimated age from 12–27 years (x̄ ± sd = 17.6 ± 4.2 years). The captive‐born whales ranged in age from <1 to 8 years. In the Sea World breeding program (through September, 1993), there have been nine live births and one stillbirth, with eight calves part of the current inventory. Births occurred from July to February. Calving intervals ranged from 32–58 months. Female age at birth of first calves ranged from 8 years to an estimated 17 years (x̄ ± sd = 12.7 ± 3.0 years). Gestation, based on conception estimates from serum progesterone analysis, averaged 17 months (x̄ ± sd = 517 ± 20 days), but successful pregnancies with viable calves occurred from 15–18 months (468–539 days). Females, in the presence and absence of males, were polyestrus with periods of cycling interspersed with individually variable noncycling (presumed anestrous) periods ranging from 3–16 months. Mean serum progesterone levels (±se) were as follows: noncycling periods = 121 ± 20 pg/ml; peak elevations during nonconceptive ovulatory (estrous) cycles = 3,962 ± 2,280 pg/ml; first pregnancies = 14,592 ± 3,854 pg/ml; second pregnancies = 8,389 ± 395 pg/ml; and third pregnancy = 8,180 ± 4,556. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Duffield, Deborah A. Odell, Daniel K. McBain, James F. Andrews, Brad |
author_facet |
Duffield, Deborah A. Odell, Daniel K. McBain, James F. Andrews, Brad |
author_sort |
Duffield, Deborah A. |
title |
Killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) reproduction at Sea World |
title_short |
Killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) reproduction at Sea World |
title_full |
Killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) reproduction at Sea World |
title_fullStr |
Killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) reproduction at Sea World |
title_full_unstemmed |
Killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) reproduction at Sea World |
title_sort |
killer whale ( orcinus orca ) reproduction at sea world |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
1995 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430140504 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fzoo.1430140504 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/zoo.1430140504 |
genre |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
op_source |
Zoo Biology volume 14, issue 5, page 417-430 ISSN 0733-3188 1098-2361 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430140504 |
container_title |
Zoo Biology |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
417 |
op_container_end_page |
430 |
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1797586343994327040 |