Analysis of urinary immunoreactive steroid metabolites and gonadotropins for characterization of the estrous cycle, breeding period, and seasonal estrous activity of captive killer whales ( Orcinus orca)
Abstract To increase the basic understanding of killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) reproductive physiology necessary for the development of artificial breeding programs, we utilized radioimmunoassays (RIA) to detect urinary immunoreactive steroid metabolites (pregnanediol‐3α‐glucuronide [PdG] and estrone...
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crwiley:10.1002/zoo.1430120204 2024-06-02T08:09:51+00:00 Analysis of urinary immunoreactive steroid metabolites and gonadotropins for characterization of the estrous cycle, breeding period, and seasonal estrous activity of captive killer whales ( Orcinus orca) Robeck, T. R. Schneyer, A. L. McBain, J. F. Dalton, L. M. Walsh, M. T. Czekala, N. M. Kraemer, D. C. 1993 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430120204 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fzoo.1430120204 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/zoo.1430120204 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Zoo Biology volume 12, issue 2, page 173-187 ISSN 0733-3188 1098-2361 journal-article 1993 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430120204 2024-05-03T11:05:31Z Abstract To increase the basic understanding of killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) reproductive physiology necessary for the development of artificial breeding programs, we utilized radioimmunoassays (RIA) to detect urinary immunoreactive steroid metabolites (pregnanediol‐3α‐glucuronide [PdG] and estrone‐conjugates [EC]) and gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone [LH] and follicle‐stimulating hormone [FSH]) in urine samples from six female killer whales. Urine samples were collected from the whales by voluntary presentation behavior over a 2‐ to 4‐year period. All urinary hormone values were corrected for intersample urine concentration variations by indexing with creatinine. Daily urine samples from four whales were collected during two conceptions and 18 complete estrous cycles. LH, FSH, EC, and PdG immunoreactive levels were determined and combined with observed copulatory activity in five cycles, including two conceptive cycles from two whales. Mean luteal phase lengths ranged from 9.7 to 19.2 days. Mean follicular phase lengths ranged from 6.5 to 16.8 days. Mean estrous cycle lengths based on the first detectable PdG levels were 41.6 ± 6.72 S.E.M. days. After PdG nadir, immunoreactive FSH levels showed a bimodal pattern with the first peak being greater in size, and both preceding a follicular phase EC increase. LH levels > the 95% confidence interval of the mean were considered significant. Combined LH immunoreactive values from whales 2 and 6 during two and three estrous cycles, respectively, had significant LH peak concentrations on day minus 2. These significant LH peaks were assumed to represent the preovulatory LH surge. Eight copulations during two conceptive cycles were observed between whales 2 and 6 and a breeding male. Six of these copulations (3 with each female whale) occurred within 72 hours of the beginning or the end of the presumptive preovulatory LH surge. Estrous activity was seen throughout the year for the herd. However, individuals had varying periods of anestrus that could not be linked to ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale Wiley Online Library Zoo Biology 12 2 173 187 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract To increase the basic understanding of killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) reproductive physiology necessary for the development of artificial breeding programs, we utilized radioimmunoassays (RIA) to detect urinary immunoreactive steroid metabolites (pregnanediol‐3α‐glucuronide [PdG] and estrone‐conjugates [EC]) and gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone [LH] and follicle‐stimulating hormone [FSH]) in urine samples from six female killer whales. Urine samples were collected from the whales by voluntary presentation behavior over a 2‐ to 4‐year period. All urinary hormone values were corrected for intersample urine concentration variations by indexing with creatinine. Daily urine samples from four whales were collected during two conceptions and 18 complete estrous cycles. LH, FSH, EC, and PdG immunoreactive levels were determined and combined with observed copulatory activity in five cycles, including two conceptive cycles from two whales. Mean luteal phase lengths ranged from 9.7 to 19.2 days. Mean follicular phase lengths ranged from 6.5 to 16.8 days. Mean estrous cycle lengths based on the first detectable PdG levels were 41.6 ± 6.72 S.E.M. days. After PdG nadir, immunoreactive FSH levels showed a bimodal pattern with the first peak being greater in size, and both preceding a follicular phase EC increase. LH levels > the 95% confidence interval of the mean were considered significant. Combined LH immunoreactive values from whales 2 and 6 during two and three estrous cycles, respectively, had significant LH peak concentrations on day minus 2. These significant LH peaks were assumed to represent the preovulatory LH surge. Eight copulations during two conceptive cycles were observed between whales 2 and 6 and a breeding male. Six of these copulations (3 with each female whale) occurred within 72 hours of the beginning or the end of the presumptive preovulatory LH surge. Estrous activity was seen throughout the year for the herd. However, individuals had varying periods of anestrus that could not be linked to ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Robeck, T. R. Schneyer, A. L. McBain, J. F. Dalton, L. M. Walsh, M. T. Czekala, N. M. Kraemer, D. C. |
spellingShingle |
Robeck, T. R. Schneyer, A. L. McBain, J. F. Dalton, L. M. Walsh, M. T. Czekala, N. M. Kraemer, D. C. Analysis of urinary immunoreactive steroid metabolites and gonadotropins for characterization of the estrous cycle, breeding period, and seasonal estrous activity of captive killer whales ( Orcinus orca) |
author_facet |
Robeck, T. R. Schneyer, A. L. McBain, J. F. Dalton, L. M. Walsh, M. T. Czekala, N. M. Kraemer, D. C. |
author_sort |
Robeck, T. R. |
title |
Analysis of urinary immunoreactive steroid metabolites and gonadotropins for characterization of the estrous cycle, breeding period, and seasonal estrous activity of captive killer whales ( Orcinus orca) |
title_short |
Analysis of urinary immunoreactive steroid metabolites and gonadotropins for characterization of the estrous cycle, breeding period, and seasonal estrous activity of captive killer whales ( Orcinus orca) |
title_full |
Analysis of urinary immunoreactive steroid metabolites and gonadotropins for characterization of the estrous cycle, breeding period, and seasonal estrous activity of captive killer whales ( Orcinus orca) |
title_fullStr |
Analysis of urinary immunoreactive steroid metabolites and gonadotropins for characterization of the estrous cycle, breeding period, and seasonal estrous activity of captive killer whales ( Orcinus orca) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Analysis of urinary immunoreactive steroid metabolites and gonadotropins for characterization of the estrous cycle, breeding period, and seasonal estrous activity of captive killer whales ( Orcinus orca) |
title_sort |
analysis of urinary immunoreactive steroid metabolites and gonadotropins for characterization of the estrous cycle, breeding period, and seasonal estrous activity of captive killer whales ( orcinus orca) |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
1993 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430120204 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fzoo.1430120204 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/zoo.1430120204 |
genre |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
op_source |
Zoo Biology volume 12, issue 2, page 173-187 ISSN 0733-3188 1098-2361 |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430120204 |
container_title |
Zoo Biology |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
173 |
op_container_end_page |
187 |
_version_ |
1800755646646190080 |