GIOTTO: A coupled atmosphere‐ocean general‐circulation model: The tropical Pacific
Abstract A new coupled general‐circulation model (GIOTTO) has been developed. The individual components are composed of the atmosphere model, ECHAM‐4, and the ocean model, MOM (Modular Ocean Model)‐1.2. The model domain is global, and no flux correction is applied. The coupling is active between 60°...
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crwiley:10.1002/qj.49712656702 2024-06-02T08:14:21+00:00 GIOTTO: A coupled atmosphere‐ocean general‐circulation model: The tropical Pacific Fischer, Martin Navarra, Antonio 2000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712656702 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.49712656702 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.49712656702 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 126, issue 567, page 1991-2012 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X journal-article 2000 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712656702 2024-05-03T11:12:27Z Abstract A new coupled general‐circulation model (GIOTTO) has been developed. The individual components are composed of the atmosphere model, ECHAM‐4, and the ocean model, MOM (Modular Ocean Model)‐1.2. The model domain is global, and no flux correction is applied. The coupling is active between 60°N and 60° S. Poleward of 60° the atmosphere is forced by the climatological sea surface temperature (SST), and the ocean is relaxed towards the climatological SST and sea surface salinity. Further, the sea‐ice coverage is prescribed. The coupling interval is set to two hours to resolve the diurnal cycle. In this paper we describe the design of the model, and discuss results of a coupled 20‐year integration. The representation of the mean state is realistic, although there is an overall cold SST bias of about one degree centigrade in the tropics, and a tendency to simulate a double Inter Tropical Convergence Zone. The annual cycle, as simulated in the equatorial Pacific, is too weak in the east Pacific and too strong in the warm‐pool region. The phase, however, is well captured. The SST variability in the equatorial Pacific is underestimated by about 30%, and the anomalies are too confined to the equator. The main features of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics, like propagation of heat‐content anomalies, reflection of equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves, and westerly wind bursts, however, are correctly represented by the model. A variability analysis based on empirical orthogonal functions indicates that the ENSO mechanisms are simulated correctly. The model also appears to be well balanced with a remarkably low SST drift (0.5 degC decade −1 ), and a realistic equatorial thermal structure. We are, therefore, confident that the model can be used for experimental seasonal predictions. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Wiley Online Library Pacific Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 126 567 1991 2012 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract A new coupled general‐circulation model (GIOTTO) has been developed. The individual components are composed of the atmosphere model, ECHAM‐4, and the ocean model, MOM (Modular Ocean Model)‐1.2. The model domain is global, and no flux correction is applied. The coupling is active between 60°N and 60° S. Poleward of 60° the atmosphere is forced by the climatological sea surface temperature (SST), and the ocean is relaxed towards the climatological SST and sea surface salinity. Further, the sea‐ice coverage is prescribed. The coupling interval is set to two hours to resolve the diurnal cycle. In this paper we describe the design of the model, and discuss results of a coupled 20‐year integration. The representation of the mean state is realistic, although there is an overall cold SST bias of about one degree centigrade in the tropics, and a tendency to simulate a double Inter Tropical Convergence Zone. The annual cycle, as simulated in the equatorial Pacific, is too weak in the east Pacific and too strong in the warm‐pool region. The phase, however, is well captured. The SST variability in the equatorial Pacific is underestimated by about 30%, and the anomalies are too confined to the equator. The main features of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics, like propagation of heat‐content anomalies, reflection of equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves, and westerly wind bursts, however, are correctly represented by the model. A variability analysis based on empirical orthogonal functions indicates that the ENSO mechanisms are simulated correctly. The model also appears to be well balanced with a remarkably low SST drift (0.5 degC decade −1 ), and a realistic equatorial thermal structure. We are, therefore, confident that the model can be used for experimental seasonal predictions. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fischer, Martin Navarra, Antonio |
spellingShingle |
Fischer, Martin Navarra, Antonio GIOTTO: A coupled atmosphere‐ocean general‐circulation model: The tropical Pacific |
author_facet |
Fischer, Martin Navarra, Antonio |
author_sort |
Fischer, Martin |
title |
GIOTTO: A coupled atmosphere‐ocean general‐circulation model: The tropical Pacific |
title_short |
GIOTTO: A coupled atmosphere‐ocean general‐circulation model: The tropical Pacific |
title_full |
GIOTTO: A coupled atmosphere‐ocean general‐circulation model: The tropical Pacific |
title_fullStr |
GIOTTO: A coupled atmosphere‐ocean general‐circulation model: The tropical Pacific |
title_full_unstemmed |
GIOTTO: A coupled atmosphere‐ocean general‐circulation model: The tropical Pacific |
title_sort |
giotto: a coupled atmosphere‐ocean general‐circulation model: the tropical pacific |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2000 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712656702 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.49712656702 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.49712656702 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 126, issue 567, page 1991-2012 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712656702 |
container_title |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
container_volume |
126 |
container_issue |
567 |
container_start_page |
1991 |
op_container_end_page |
2012 |
_version_ |
1800738159190867968 |