The Middle Atmosphere In the Absence of Dynamical Heat Fluxes
Abstract A new radiative transfer scheme, developed for use in a three‐dimensional dynamical model of the stratosphere and mesosphere, is used to consider the hypothetical state of the middle atmosphere in the absence of dynamical heat fluxes. Most previous work in this area has considered radiative...
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crwiley:10.1002/qj.49711347610 2024-06-02T08:13:30+00:00 The Middle Atmosphere In the Absence of Dynamical Heat Fluxes Shine, K. P. 1987 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711347610 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.49711347610 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.49711347610 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 113, issue 476, page 603-633 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X journal-article 1987 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711347610 2024-05-03T11:32:58Z Abstract A new radiative transfer scheme, developed for use in a three‐dimensional dynamical model of the stratosphere and mesosphere, is used to consider the hypothetical state of the middle atmosphere in the absence of dynamical heat fluxes. Most previous work in this area has considered radiative equilibrium temperatures using a fixed solar forcing. This equilibrium state is shown to be different from a state calculated using a seasonal cycle of solar forcing; in particular, the winter pole is found to be warmer and the latitudinal temperature gradient across the edge of the polar night is found to be smaller. This difference is due to two processes. Firstly, latitudes just polewards of the edge of the polar night at solstice are in darkness for only a short period. Secondly, radiative time scales lengthen greatly as temperatures decrease, so that equilibrium cannot be reached before the sun reappears. Recent ozone climatologies are used to impose a realistic annual cycle of ozone on the model. It is found that the simulation of the lower stratosphere is in considerably better agreement with observations than previous radiation‐only calculations. the better simulation is shown to be, in most cases, due to the use of the new ozone climatology. It is also shown that a realistic ozone distribution is necessary for a good simulation of the polar stratopause at the summer solstice. A comparison of the observed and calculated annual cycle of temperature in the polar regions of the southern hemisphere lower stratosphere indicates that this region is under strong radiative control. This contrasts with an implied strong dynamical control for the same region in the northern hemisphere. Article in Journal/Newspaper polar night Wiley Online Library Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 113 476 603 633 |
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English |
description |
Abstract A new radiative transfer scheme, developed for use in a three‐dimensional dynamical model of the stratosphere and mesosphere, is used to consider the hypothetical state of the middle atmosphere in the absence of dynamical heat fluxes. Most previous work in this area has considered radiative equilibrium temperatures using a fixed solar forcing. This equilibrium state is shown to be different from a state calculated using a seasonal cycle of solar forcing; in particular, the winter pole is found to be warmer and the latitudinal temperature gradient across the edge of the polar night is found to be smaller. This difference is due to two processes. Firstly, latitudes just polewards of the edge of the polar night at solstice are in darkness for only a short period. Secondly, radiative time scales lengthen greatly as temperatures decrease, so that equilibrium cannot be reached before the sun reappears. Recent ozone climatologies are used to impose a realistic annual cycle of ozone on the model. It is found that the simulation of the lower stratosphere is in considerably better agreement with observations than previous radiation‐only calculations. the better simulation is shown to be, in most cases, due to the use of the new ozone climatology. It is also shown that a realistic ozone distribution is necessary for a good simulation of the polar stratopause at the summer solstice. A comparison of the observed and calculated annual cycle of temperature in the polar regions of the southern hemisphere lower stratosphere indicates that this region is under strong radiative control. This contrasts with an implied strong dynamical control for the same region in the northern hemisphere. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Shine, K. P. |
spellingShingle |
Shine, K. P. The Middle Atmosphere In the Absence of Dynamical Heat Fluxes |
author_facet |
Shine, K. P. |
author_sort |
Shine, K. P. |
title |
The Middle Atmosphere In the Absence of Dynamical Heat Fluxes |
title_short |
The Middle Atmosphere In the Absence of Dynamical Heat Fluxes |
title_full |
The Middle Atmosphere In the Absence of Dynamical Heat Fluxes |
title_fullStr |
The Middle Atmosphere In the Absence of Dynamical Heat Fluxes |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Middle Atmosphere In the Absence of Dynamical Heat Fluxes |
title_sort |
middle atmosphere in the absence of dynamical heat fluxes |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
1987 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711347610 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.49711347610 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.49711347610 |
genre |
polar night |
genre_facet |
polar night |
op_source |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 113, issue 476, page 603-633 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711347610 |
container_title |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
container_volume |
113 |
container_issue |
476 |
container_start_page |
603 |
op_container_end_page |
633 |
_version_ |
1800737031708475392 |