Temperature fluctuations and trends over the earth

• Published in: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
• Main Author: Callendar, G. S.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 1961
• Subjects: Arctic
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708737102; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.49708737102; https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.49708737102

Abstract The annual temperature deviations at over 400 meteorological stations are combined on a regional basis to give the integrated fluctuations over large areas and zones. These are shown in graphical form, and it is concluded that a solar or atmospheric dust hypothesis is necessary to explain the world‐wide fluctuations of a few years duration. An important change in the relationships of the zonal fluctuations has occurred since 1920. The overall temperature trends found from the data are considered in relation to the homogeneity of recording, and also to the evidence of glacial recession in different zones. It is concluded that the rising trend, shown by the instruments during recent decades, is significant from the Arctic to about 45°S lat., but quite small in most regions below 35°N. and not yet apparent in some. It is thought that the regional and zonal distribution of recent climatic trends is incompatible with the hypothesis of increased solar heating as the cause. On the other hand, the major features of this distribution are not incompatible with the hypothesis of increased carbon dioxide radiation, if the rate of atmospheric mixing between the hemispheres is a matter of decades rather than years.