Phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the North Atlantic Oscillation
Abstract The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a dominant atmospheric variability in the Northern Hemisphere that has a substantial impact on weather and climate on various time scales. Here, we investigate the role of energy conversion terms day‐by‐day during the NAO life cycle. The relative timi...
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crwiley:10.1002/qj.4659 2024-06-02T08:11:14+00:00 Phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the North Atlantic Oscillation Kim, Minju Sung, Mi‐Kyung Yoo, Changhyun National Research Foundation of Korea 2024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.4659 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.4659 en eng Wiley http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 150, issue 760, page 1566-1580 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X journal-article 2024 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4659 2024-05-06T07:02:14Z Abstract The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a dominant atmospheric variability in the Northern Hemisphere that has a substantial impact on weather and climate on various time scales. Here, we investigate the role of energy conversion terms day‐by‐day during the NAO life cycle. The relative timing and contribution of the energy conversion terms are quantified by projecting the terms onto the eddy total energy, eddy kinetic energy (EKE), and eddy available potential energy (EAPE) patterns associated with the NAO. The results show a remarkable phase dependence in the growth and maintenance mechanisms. For positive NAOs, the initial growth is driven by the barotropic interactions between the eddies propagating over North America. This suggests that a non‐local growth mechanism plays an important role in the initiation of positive NAOs. In contrast, it is the baroclinic processes that initiate negative NAOs. The conversion of the mean APE into the EAPE and then into the EKE, processes which include eddy heat fluxes and vertical motions, results in the relatively local growth of negative NAOs. During the mature phase, the largest source of energy is the conversion of the mean APE into EAPE. Part of this is converted to EKE, making a substantial contribution to the maintenance of the EKE. This process is particularly important for negative NAOs. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Wiley Online Library Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 150 760 1566 1580 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a dominant atmospheric variability in the Northern Hemisphere that has a substantial impact on weather and climate on various time scales. Here, we investigate the role of energy conversion terms day‐by‐day during the NAO life cycle. The relative timing and contribution of the energy conversion terms are quantified by projecting the terms onto the eddy total energy, eddy kinetic energy (EKE), and eddy available potential energy (EAPE) patterns associated with the NAO. The results show a remarkable phase dependence in the growth and maintenance mechanisms. For positive NAOs, the initial growth is driven by the barotropic interactions between the eddies propagating over North America. This suggests that a non‐local growth mechanism plays an important role in the initiation of positive NAOs. In contrast, it is the baroclinic processes that initiate negative NAOs. The conversion of the mean APE into the EAPE and then into the EKE, processes which include eddy heat fluxes and vertical motions, results in the relatively local growth of negative NAOs. During the mature phase, the largest source of energy is the conversion of the mean APE into EAPE. Part of this is converted to EKE, making a substantial contribution to the maintenance of the EKE. This process is particularly important for negative NAOs. |
author2 |
National Research Foundation of Korea |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kim, Minju Sung, Mi‐Kyung Yoo, Changhyun |
spellingShingle |
Kim, Minju Sung, Mi‐Kyung Yoo, Changhyun Phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the North Atlantic Oscillation |
author_facet |
Kim, Minju Sung, Mi‐Kyung Yoo, Changhyun |
author_sort |
Kim, Minju |
title |
Phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the North Atlantic Oscillation |
title_short |
Phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the North Atlantic Oscillation |
title_full |
Phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the North Atlantic Oscillation |
title_fullStr |
Phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the North Atlantic Oscillation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the North Atlantic Oscillation |
title_sort |
phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the north atlantic oscillation |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.4659 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.4659 |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_source |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 150, issue 760, page 1566-1580 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4659 |
container_title |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
container_volume |
150 |
container_issue |
760 |
container_start_page |
1566 |
op_container_end_page |
1580 |
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1800757297123688448 |