Impacts of wind profile shear and curvature on the parameterized orographic gravity wave stress in the Weather Research and Forecasting model
Abstract The parameterization of orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) in the Weather Research and Forecasting model is extended by including the second‐order Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) corrections to the surface wave momentum flux (SWMF) caused by wind profile shear (WSHR) and curvature (WCUR) e...
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crwiley:10.1002/qj.3828 2024-06-23T07:47:33+00:00 Impacts of wind profile shear and curvature on the parameterized orographic gravity wave stress in the Weather Research and Forecasting model Xu, Xin Teixeira, Miguel A. C. Xue, Ming Lu, Yixiong Tang, Jianping National Natural Science Foundation of China 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3828 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.3828 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3828 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/qj.3828 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3828 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 146, issue 732, page 3086-3100 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X journal-article 2020 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3828 2024-06-06T04:23:54Z Abstract The parameterization of orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) in the Weather Research and Forecasting model is extended by including the second‐order Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) corrections to the surface wave momentum flux (SWMF) caused by wind profile shear (WSHR) and curvature (WCUR) effects. Simulations of the atmospheric circulation are performed to study the behaviour and impact of the WKB corrections. In January, the SWMF is weakened in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes by the WSHR term, while the WCUR acts to enhance the SWMF over Antarctica. In July, the WSHR corrections are similar to those in January, whereas the WCUR term produces corrections of opposite sign in the high latitudes of each hemisphere. The latter is attributed to the increase of near‐surface winds in the cold season which reverses the low‐level wind profile curvature. The seasonal reversal of the WCUR term contradicts previous findings obtained from offline evaluation using reanalysis datasets. This may be due to the different OGWD parameterization schemes used, or it may suggest a sensitivity to the height at which the wind profile effects are evaluated. Changes in the SWMF can affect the vertical distribution of parameterized OGWD. In January, the OGWD in the NH midlatitudes is decreased in the lower troposphere but increased in the upper troposphere. This is because a reduced SWMF inhibits wave breaking in the lower troposphere. Therefore, more wave momentum flux (WMF) is transported to the upper troposphere which enhances wave breaking there. The increased upper‐tropospheric wave breaking in turn decreases the WMF propagating into the stratosphere where the OGWD is reduced. In July, the reduction of SWMF over Antarctica is more notable than in the NH midlatitudes in January. Consequently, the OGWD is weakened in the upper troposphere over Antarctica. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Wiley Online Library Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 146 732 3086 3100 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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English |
description |
Abstract The parameterization of orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) in the Weather Research and Forecasting model is extended by including the second‐order Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) corrections to the surface wave momentum flux (SWMF) caused by wind profile shear (WSHR) and curvature (WCUR) effects. Simulations of the atmospheric circulation are performed to study the behaviour and impact of the WKB corrections. In January, the SWMF is weakened in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes by the WSHR term, while the WCUR acts to enhance the SWMF over Antarctica. In July, the WSHR corrections are similar to those in January, whereas the WCUR term produces corrections of opposite sign in the high latitudes of each hemisphere. The latter is attributed to the increase of near‐surface winds in the cold season which reverses the low‐level wind profile curvature. The seasonal reversal of the WCUR term contradicts previous findings obtained from offline evaluation using reanalysis datasets. This may be due to the different OGWD parameterization schemes used, or it may suggest a sensitivity to the height at which the wind profile effects are evaluated. Changes in the SWMF can affect the vertical distribution of parameterized OGWD. In January, the OGWD in the NH midlatitudes is decreased in the lower troposphere but increased in the upper troposphere. This is because a reduced SWMF inhibits wave breaking in the lower troposphere. Therefore, more wave momentum flux (WMF) is transported to the upper troposphere which enhances wave breaking there. The increased upper‐tropospheric wave breaking in turn decreases the WMF propagating into the stratosphere where the OGWD is reduced. In July, the reduction of SWMF over Antarctica is more notable than in the NH midlatitudes in January. Consequently, the OGWD is weakened in the upper troposphere over Antarctica. |
author2 |
National Natural Science Foundation of China |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Xu, Xin Teixeira, Miguel A. C. Xue, Ming Lu, Yixiong Tang, Jianping |
spellingShingle |
Xu, Xin Teixeira, Miguel A. C. Xue, Ming Lu, Yixiong Tang, Jianping Impacts of wind profile shear and curvature on the parameterized orographic gravity wave stress in the Weather Research and Forecasting model |
author_facet |
Xu, Xin Teixeira, Miguel A. C. Xue, Ming Lu, Yixiong Tang, Jianping |
author_sort |
Xu, Xin |
title |
Impacts of wind profile shear and curvature on the parameterized orographic gravity wave stress in the Weather Research and Forecasting model |
title_short |
Impacts of wind profile shear and curvature on the parameterized orographic gravity wave stress in the Weather Research and Forecasting model |
title_full |
Impacts of wind profile shear and curvature on the parameterized orographic gravity wave stress in the Weather Research and Forecasting model |
title_fullStr |
Impacts of wind profile shear and curvature on the parameterized orographic gravity wave stress in the Weather Research and Forecasting model |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impacts of wind profile shear and curvature on the parameterized orographic gravity wave stress in the Weather Research and Forecasting model |
title_sort |
impacts of wind profile shear and curvature on the parameterized orographic gravity wave stress in the weather research and forecasting model |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3828 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.3828 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3828 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/qj.3828 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3828 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_source |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 146, issue 732, page 3086-3100 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3828 |
container_title |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
container_volume |
146 |
container_issue |
732 |
container_start_page |
3086 |
op_container_end_page |
3100 |
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1802651665726177280 |