Forcing of the Martian polar annulus by Hadley cell transport and latent heating
Abstract A hierarchy of idealized models is used to investigate the roles of Hadley cell forcing and latent heat release from carbon dioxide condensation in determining the annular potential vorticity structure of the Martian winter polar vortex. The angular momentum conserving the Hadley cell model...
Published in: | Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
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crwiley:10.1002/qj.3786 2024-06-23T07:56:19+00:00 Forcing of the Martian polar annulus by Hadley cell transport and latent heating Scott, R. K. Seviour, W. J. M. Waugh, D. W. 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3786 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.3786 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3786 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/qj.3786 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3786 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 146, issue 730, page 2174-2190 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X journal-article 2020 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3786 2024-06-04T06:40:01Z Abstract A hierarchy of idealized models is used to investigate the roles of Hadley cell forcing and latent heat release from carbon dioxide condensation in determining the annular potential vorticity structure of the Martian winter polar vortex. The angular momentum conserving the Hadley cell model of Lindzen and Hou with summer hemisphere heating maximum of appropriate strength and latitude produces a strong westerly jet near 60°N, which is similar in strength to the winter polar night jet on Mars. Although the corresponding potential vorticity profile in the angular momentum conserving and thermal wind regions has no annular structure resembling the Martian one, there is an implied δ ‐function at the discontinuity in zonal wind. This δ ‐function is smoothed out by explicit diffusion in full axisymmetric model integrations forming a partial annular structure, though a local maximum in potential vorticity at the pole persists and is further enhanced when cooling representing the polar night is included. A distinct polar minimum and clear annular potential vorticity structure are obtained, however, when an additional representation of polar latent heating is also included. Full eddy‐permitting shallow‐water model integrations confirm the basic structure obtained by the axisymmetric model and suggest a nominal value of viscosity appropriate as a representation of the effects of eddy mixing. Instability of the polar annulus leads to vacillation‐type behaviour involving eddy growth and annulus disruption, followed by re‐formation under the influence of radiative relaxation. The degree of transience and mean eddy activity both show an increase with stronger latent heating and the resulting deeper polar potential vorticity minimum, showing that mixing in polar regions may be dependent on details of polar carbon dioxide condensation. Vacillation time‐scales are also shown to vary with radiative time‐scales, but through a modification of instability growth rate rather than as a result of direct radiative restoration. Article in Journal/Newspaper polar night Wiley Online Library Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 146 730 2174 2190 |
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Open Polar |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract A hierarchy of idealized models is used to investigate the roles of Hadley cell forcing and latent heat release from carbon dioxide condensation in determining the annular potential vorticity structure of the Martian winter polar vortex. The angular momentum conserving the Hadley cell model of Lindzen and Hou with summer hemisphere heating maximum of appropriate strength and latitude produces a strong westerly jet near 60°N, which is similar in strength to the winter polar night jet on Mars. Although the corresponding potential vorticity profile in the angular momentum conserving and thermal wind regions has no annular structure resembling the Martian one, there is an implied δ ‐function at the discontinuity in zonal wind. This δ ‐function is smoothed out by explicit diffusion in full axisymmetric model integrations forming a partial annular structure, though a local maximum in potential vorticity at the pole persists and is further enhanced when cooling representing the polar night is included. A distinct polar minimum and clear annular potential vorticity structure are obtained, however, when an additional representation of polar latent heating is also included. Full eddy‐permitting shallow‐water model integrations confirm the basic structure obtained by the axisymmetric model and suggest a nominal value of viscosity appropriate as a representation of the effects of eddy mixing. Instability of the polar annulus leads to vacillation‐type behaviour involving eddy growth and annulus disruption, followed by re‐formation under the influence of radiative relaxation. The degree of transience and mean eddy activity both show an increase with stronger latent heating and the resulting deeper polar potential vorticity minimum, showing that mixing in polar regions may be dependent on details of polar carbon dioxide condensation. Vacillation time‐scales are also shown to vary with radiative time‐scales, but through a modification of instability growth rate rather than as a result of direct radiative restoration. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Scott, R. K. Seviour, W. J. M. Waugh, D. W. |
spellingShingle |
Scott, R. K. Seviour, W. J. M. Waugh, D. W. Forcing of the Martian polar annulus by Hadley cell transport and latent heating |
author_facet |
Scott, R. K. Seviour, W. J. M. Waugh, D. W. |
author_sort |
Scott, R. K. |
title |
Forcing of the Martian polar annulus by Hadley cell transport and latent heating |
title_short |
Forcing of the Martian polar annulus by Hadley cell transport and latent heating |
title_full |
Forcing of the Martian polar annulus by Hadley cell transport and latent heating |
title_fullStr |
Forcing of the Martian polar annulus by Hadley cell transport and latent heating |
title_full_unstemmed |
Forcing of the Martian polar annulus by Hadley cell transport and latent heating |
title_sort |
forcing of the martian polar annulus by hadley cell transport and latent heating |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3786 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.3786 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3786 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/qj.3786 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3786 |
genre |
polar night |
genre_facet |
polar night |
op_source |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 146, issue 730, page 2174-2190 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3786 |
container_title |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
container_volume |
146 |
container_issue |
730 |
container_start_page |
2174 |
op_container_end_page |
2190 |
_version_ |
1802649331670450176 |