In situ observations of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean
Cloud droplet concentration ( N d ), effective radius ( r eff ) and liquid water content ( LWC ) measured by a DMT CAPS and an SEA WCM ‐2000 of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean ( SO ) are presented for 20 flights taken over 3 years (June–October, 2013–2015). Such clouds have be...
Published in: | Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
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Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3011 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.3011 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3011 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/qj.3011 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1002/qj.3011 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3011 |
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crwiley:10.1002/qj.3011 2024-09-15T18:37:03+00:00 In situ observations of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean Ahn, Eunmi Huang, Yi Chubb, Thomas H. Baumgardner, Darrel Isaac, Peter de Hoog, Mark Siems, Steven T. Manton, Michael J. Australian Research Council 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3011 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.3011 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3011 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/qj.3011 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1002/qj.3011 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3011 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 143, issue 704, page 1381-1394 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X journal-article 2017 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3011 2024-07-04T04:30:20Z Cloud droplet concentration ( N d ), effective radius ( r eff ) and liquid water content ( LWC ) measured by a DMT CAPS and an SEA WCM ‐2000 of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean ( SO ) are presented for 20 flights taken over 3 years (June–October, 2013–2015). Such clouds have been reported to have the lowest N d on record (10–40 cm −3 ) from the Southern Ocean Cloud Experiment ( SOCEX I ) field campaign in 1993. Of the total 20 357 one‐second records spent in cloud, 38.5% were found to contain ice crystals, primarily in mixed‐phase clouds (36.7%). Ice was observed at some point during 19 of the 20 missions. The droplet spectra and temperature range suggest these clouds were often ideal for the Hallett–Mossop ice multiplication process. The average N d and r eff for liquid clouds were 28 (±30) cm −3 and 12.5 (±2.9) µm, which are consistent with those from SOCEX I . Forty‐nine percent of all liquid cloud samples were observed to be drizzling with an average drizzle rate of 0.733 mm h −1 . As drizzle samples were commonly in the neighbourhood of mixed‐phase or non‐drizzling clouds, it was rare to observe solid patches of drizzle of greater than 10 s. On average, drizzling clouds had lower N d and greater r eff and LWC than those of non‐drizzling clouds. Distinct observations of non‐drizzling clouds with relatively high N d (∼89 cm −3 ), small r eff (∼8.5 µm) and low LWC (∼0.173 g kg −1 ) were noted for two flights. An initial examination of the local environment and synoptic meteorology for these flights failed to identify any particular forcing that may have led to these unique microphysical properties, although these were the only observations of closed mesoscale cellular convection. This research highlights that greater variability exists in the microphysics of wintertime clouds over the SO , when a wider range of synoptic meteorology is investigated. Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Wiley Online Library Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 143 704 1381 1394 |
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Wiley Online Library |
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crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
Cloud droplet concentration ( N d ), effective radius ( r eff ) and liquid water content ( LWC ) measured by a DMT CAPS and an SEA WCM ‐2000 of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean ( SO ) are presented for 20 flights taken over 3 years (June–October, 2013–2015). Such clouds have been reported to have the lowest N d on record (10–40 cm −3 ) from the Southern Ocean Cloud Experiment ( SOCEX I ) field campaign in 1993. Of the total 20 357 one‐second records spent in cloud, 38.5% were found to contain ice crystals, primarily in mixed‐phase clouds (36.7%). Ice was observed at some point during 19 of the 20 missions. The droplet spectra and temperature range suggest these clouds were often ideal for the Hallett–Mossop ice multiplication process. The average N d and r eff for liquid clouds were 28 (±30) cm −3 and 12.5 (±2.9) µm, which are consistent with those from SOCEX I . Forty‐nine percent of all liquid cloud samples were observed to be drizzling with an average drizzle rate of 0.733 mm h −1 . As drizzle samples were commonly in the neighbourhood of mixed‐phase or non‐drizzling clouds, it was rare to observe solid patches of drizzle of greater than 10 s. On average, drizzling clouds had lower N d and greater r eff and LWC than those of non‐drizzling clouds. Distinct observations of non‐drizzling clouds with relatively high N d (∼89 cm −3 ), small r eff (∼8.5 µm) and low LWC (∼0.173 g kg −1 ) were noted for two flights. An initial examination of the local environment and synoptic meteorology for these flights failed to identify any particular forcing that may have led to these unique microphysical properties, although these were the only observations of closed mesoscale cellular convection. This research highlights that greater variability exists in the microphysics of wintertime clouds over the SO , when a wider range of synoptic meteorology is investigated. |
author2 |
Australian Research Council |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ahn, Eunmi Huang, Yi Chubb, Thomas H. Baumgardner, Darrel Isaac, Peter de Hoog, Mark Siems, Steven T. Manton, Michael J. |
spellingShingle |
Ahn, Eunmi Huang, Yi Chubb, Thomas H. Baumgardner, Darrel Isaac, Peter de Hoog, Mark Siems, Steven T. Manton, Michael J. In situ observations of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean |
author_facet |
Ahn, Eunmi Huang, Yi Chubb, Thomas H. Baumgardner, Darrel Isaac, Peter de Hoog, Mark Siems, Steven T. Manton, Michael J. |
author_sort |
Ahn, Eunmi |
title |
In situ observations of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean |
title_short |
In situ observations of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean |
title_full |
In situ observations of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean |
title_fullStr |
In situ observations of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
In situ observations of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the Southern Ocean |
title_sort |
in situ observations of wintertime low‐altitude clouds over the southern ocean |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3011 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.3011 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3011 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/qj.3011 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1002/qj.3011 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.3011 |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 143, issue 704, page 1381-1394 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3011 |
container_title |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
container_volume |
143 |
container_issue |
704 |
container_start_page |
1381 |
op_container_end_page |
1394 |
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1810481327658500096 |