ERA‐20CM: a twentieth‐century atmospheric model ensemble
This article describes an ensemble of ten atmospheric model integrations for the years 1899–2010, performed at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Horizontal spectral resolution is T159 (about 125 km), using 91 levels in the vertical from the surface up to 1 Pa, and a tim...
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crwiley:10.1002/qj.2528 2024-09-30T14:43:13+00:00 ERA‐20CM: a twentieth‐century atmospheric model ensemble Hersbach, Hans Peubey, Carole Simmons, Adrian Berrisford, Paul Poli, Paul Dee, Dick Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.2528 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.2528 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.2528 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/qj.2528 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.2528 en eng Wiley http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 141, issue 691, page 2350-2375 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X journal-article 2015 crwiley https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2528 2024-09-05T05:05:10Z This article describes an ensemble of ten atmospheric model integrations for the years 1899–2010, performed at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Horizontal spectral resolution is T159 (about 125 km), using 91 levels in the vertical from the surface up to 1 Pa, and a time step of 1 h. This ensemble, denoted by ERA‐20CM, formed the first step toward a twentieth‐century reanalysis within ERA‐CLIM, a three‐year European funded project involving nine partners. Sea‐surface temperature and sea‐ice cover are prescribed by an ensemble of realizations (HadISST2), as recently produced by the Met Office Hadley Centre within ERA‐CLIM. Variation in these realizations reflect uncertainties in the available observational sources on which this product is based. Forcing terms in the model radiation scheme follow CMIP5 recommendations. Any effect of their uncertainty is neglected. These terms include solar forcing, greenhouse gases, ozone and aerosols. Both the ocean surface and radiative forcing incorporate a proper long‐term evolution of climate trends in the twentieth century, and the occurrence of major events, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillations and volcanic eruptions. No atmospheric observations were assimilated. For this reason ERA‐20CM is not able to reproduce actual synoptic situations. However, the ensemble is able to provide a statistical estimate of the climate. Overall, the temperature rise over land is in fair agreement with the CRUTEM4 observational product. Over the last two decades the warming over land exceeds the warming over sea, which is consistent with models participating in the CMIP5 project, as well as with the ECMWF ERA‐Interim reanalysis. Some aspects of warming and of the hydrological cycle are discerned, and the model response to volcanic eruptions is qualitatively correct. The data from ERA‐20CM are freely available, embracing monthly‐mean fields for many atmospheric and ocean‐wave quantities, and synoptic fields for a small, essential subset. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Wiley Online Library Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 141 691 2350 2375 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Wiley Online Library |
op_collection_id |
crwiley |
language |
English |
description |
This article describes an ensemble of ten atmospheric model integrations for the years 1899–2010, performed at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Horizontal spectral resolution is T159 (about 125 km), using 91 levels in the vertical from the surface up to 1 Pa, and a time step of 1 h. This ensemble, denoted by ERA‐20CM, formed the first step toward a twentieth‐century reanalysis within ERA‐CLIM, a three‐year European funded project involving nine partners. Sea‐surface temperature and sea‐ice cover are prescribed by an ensemble of realizations (HadISST2), as recently produced by the Met Office Hadley Centre within ERA‐CLIM. Variation in these realizations reflect uncertainties in the available observational sources on which this product is based. Forcing terms in the model radiation scheme follow CMIP5 recommendations. Any effect of their uncertainty is neglected. These terms include solar forcing, greenhouse gases, ozone and aerosols. Both the ocean surface and radiative forcing incorporate a proper long‐term evolution of climate trends in the twentieth century, and the occurrence of major events, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillations and volcanic eruptions. No atmospheric observations were assimilated. For this reason ERA‐20CM is not able to reproduce actual synoptic situations. However, the ensemble is able to provide a statistical estimate of the climate. Overall, the temperature rise over land is in fair agreement with the CRUTEM4 observational product. Over the last two decades the warming over land exceeds the warming over sea, which is consistent with models participating in the CMIP5 project, as well as with the ECMWF ERA‐Interim reanalysis. Some aspects of warming and of the hydrological cycle are discerned, and the model response to volcanic eruptions is qualitatively correct. The data from ERA‐20CM are freely available, embracing monthly‐mean fields for many atmospheric and ocean‐wave quantities, and synoptic fields for a small, essential subset. |
author2 |
Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hersbach, Hans Peubey, Carole Simmons, Adrian Berrisford, Paul Poli, Paul Dee, Dick |
spellingShingle |
Hersbach, Hans Peubey, Carole Simmons, Adrian Berrisford, Paul Poli, Paul Dee, Dick ERA‐20CM: a twentieth‐century atmospheric model ensemble |
author_facet |
Hersbach, Hans Peubey, Carole Simmons, Adrian Berrisford, Paul Poli, Paul Dee, Dick |
author_sort |
Hersbach, Hans |
title |
ERA‐20CM: a twentieth‐century atmospheric model ensemble |
title_short |
ERA‐20CM: a twentieth‐century atmospheric model ensemble |
title_full |
ERA‐20CM: a twentieth‐century atmospheric model ensemble |
title_fullStr |
ERA‐20CM: a twentieth‐century atmospheric model ensemble |
title_full_unstemmed |
ERA‐20CM: a twentieth‐century atmospheric model ensemble |
title_sort |
era‐20cm: a twentieth‐century atmospheric model ensemble |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.2528 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.2528 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.2528 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/qj.2528 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.2528 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society volume 141, issue 691, page 2350-2375 ISSN 0035-9009 1477-870X |
op_rights |
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2528 |
container_title |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
container_volume |
141 |
container_issue |
691 |
container_start_page |
2350 |
op_container_end_page |
2375 |
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1811645110755000320 |